July 24, 2018 Issue of JAMA

July 24/31, 2018, Vol 320, No. 4, Pages 321-416

This Week in JAMA

Highlights

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JAMA. 2018;320(4):321-323. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.12704

Podcast: CV Outcomes After ACS with Depression Treatment, In-Bed Cycling for Critical Illness, 2018 HIV Treatment Guideline, and more

Original Investigation

Effect of Escitalopram vs Placebo Treatment for Depression on Long-term Cardiac Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Jae-Min Kim, MD, PhD; Robert Stewart, MD, FRCPsych; Yong-Seong Lee, MD, MSc; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;320(4):350-357. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9422

This randomized clinical trial compares the effect of escitalopram vs placebo on long-term major adverse cardiovascular events among patients in Korea with depression following acute coronary syndrome.

Association Between the New York Sepsis Care Mandate and In-Hospital Mortality for Pediatric Sepsis

Idris V. R. Evans, MD, MSc; Gary S. Phillips, MAS; Elizabeth R. Alpern, MD, MSCE; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;320(4):358-367. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9071

This cohort study determines the risk-adjusted association between completing a 1-hour pediatric sepsis bundle and individual bundle elements with in-hospital mortality following statewide mandated care for pediatric sepsis in New York.

Editorial
Bundled Strategies for the Care of Children With Presumed Sepsis
Robert J. Vinci, MD; Elliot Melendez, MD

JAMA

Preliminary Communication

Effect of In-Bed Leg Cycling and Electrical Stimulation of the Quadriceps on Global Muscle Strength in Critically Ill Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Guillaume Fossat, PT; Florian Baudin, PT; Léa Courtes, PT; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;320(4):368-378. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9592

This randomized clinical trial investigates whether early in-bed leg cycling plus electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscles added to standardized early rehabilitation would result in greater muscle strength at discharge from the intensive care unit compared with standardized early rehabilitation alone in critically ill adult patients treated at one 1100-bed hospital in France.

Research Letter

Participation in a Voluntary Bundled Payment Program by Organizations Providing Care After an Acute Hospitalization

A. Jay Holmgren, MHI; Julia Adler-Milstein, PhD; Lena M. Chen, MD, MS

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JAMA. 2018;320(4):402-404. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.8666

This study characterizes participation of skilled nursing facilities in Medicare鈥檚 Model 3 Bundled Payments for Care Improvement (BPCI) initiative and the factors associated with that participation.

Special Communication

Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults: 2018 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society鈥揢SA Panel

Michael S. Saag, MD; Constance A. Benson, MD; Rajesh T. Gandhi, MD; et al.

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JAMA. 2018;320(4):379-396. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.8431

This statement from the International Antiviral Society鈥揢SA updates recommendations for the use of antiretroviral drugs to treat adults with established HIV infection and to prevent HIV infection among persons at risk.

Podcast: Working on the Precipice: On the Frontlines of the AIDS Epidemic at the CDC, Part I
Podcast: Working on the Precipice: On the Frontlines of the AIDS Epidemic at the CDC, Part II

Editorial
2018 IAS-USA Recommendations for the Use of Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV: Building on Decades of Progress
James Riddell IV, MD

JAMA

Viewpoint

The 50-Year Legacy of the Harvard Report on Brain Death

Robert D. Truog, MD, MA; Thaddeus Mason Pope, JD, PhD; David S. Jones, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):335-336. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6990

This Viewpoint discusses the ethical challenge of defining death in persons with irreversible coma, legalization of the definition of brain death in the 1981 Uniform Determination of Death Act, and current implications of the definition for decisions about life support, organ transplantation, and newer genetic technologies.

FDA Regulation of Mobile Medical Apps

Jeffrey Shuren, MD, JD; Bakul Patel, MS, MBA; Scott Gottlieb, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):337-338. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.8832

This Viewpoint describes the FDA鈥檚 guidance on digital tools that seeks to balance technological innovation with assurances that medical mobile apps and other devices that fall within the agency鈥檚 regulatory purview are safe and effective.

The Importance of Oral Health in Comprehensive Health Care

Janice S. Lee, DDS, MD, MS; Martha J. Somerman, DDS, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):339-340. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.19777

This Viewpoint discusses the importance of oral medicine to overall patient health, and argues for dedicated screening and assessment of oral and dental health among nondentist health practitioners.

Potential Policy Approaches to Address Diet-Related Diseases

Michael F. Jacobson, PhD; James Krieger, MD, MPH; Kelly D. Brownell, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):341-342. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7434

This Viewpoint discusses policy-oriented strategies to help promote a healthier food supply and improve the quality of US diets to help prevent disease.

A Piece of My Mind

Beyond Burnout

Catherine A. Humikowski, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):343-344. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9910

In this narrative medicine essay, the author considers the words used to describe the tension between shouldering the complex and painful realities of patients while simultaneously facing equally complex and painful family matters鈥�burnout, balance, self-care鈥攊nadequate in helping physicians regain equilibrium.

Editorial

Bundled Strategies for the Care of Children With Presumed Sepsis

Robert J. Vinci, MD; Elliot Melendez, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):345-346. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9183

2018 IAS-USA Recommendations for the Use of Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV: Building on Decades of Progress

James Riddell IV, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):347-349. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9184

JAMA Insights

Clinical Update

Long-acting Reversible Contraception鈥擧ighly Efficacious, Safe, and Underutilized

Justine P. Wu, MD, MPH; Michelle H. Moniz, MD, MSc; Allison N. Ursu, MD

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JAMA. 2018;320(4):397-398. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.8877

This JAMA Clinical Update reviews the features of commercially available intrauterine devices (IUDs) and progestin implants, misunderstanding about their safety, noncontraceptive benefits, and how to select the form of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) best for an individual patient.

Podcast: Return of the IUD: Long-acting Reversible Contraception Is Safe and Effective

From The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics

Andexxa鈥擜n Antidote for Apixaban and Rivaroxaban

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):399-400. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9257

This Medical Letter review discusses the mechanism of action, adverse effects, and cost associated with coagulation factor Xa that was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for reversal of the anticoagulant effect of the direct factor Xa inhibitors apixaban and rivaroxaban.

Medical News & Perspectives

Anthony Fauci, MD: Working to End HIV/AIDS

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;320(4):327-329. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.8216

This Medical News article discusses progress and future goals for eliminating the disease.

Podcast: Anthony Fauci, MD: Working to End HIV/AIDS
Podcast: Advances in Treatment and Prevention of HIV

The JAMA Forum

Prognosis Is Guarded for California鈥檚鈥淧atient鈥檚 Right to Know Act鈥�

Eli Y. Adashi, MD, MS

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;320(4):329-330. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9100

News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Teen Sex, Drug Use Decline

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):333. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9638

Teens Shift to Electronic Cigarettes

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):333. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9958

Clinical Trials Update

Exercise and Cognitive Decline in Dementia

Anita Slomski, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):332. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10153

Home Visits Boost School Readiness

Anita Slomski, MA

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JAMA. 2018;320(4):332. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10154

Cash Incentives Most Effective for Smoking Cessation

Anita Slomski, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):332. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10155

Brain Marker Predicts Depression Outcomes

Anita Slomski, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):332. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10156

Many Women With Early Breast Cancer May Not Need Chemotherapy

Anita Slomski, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):332. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9603

Health Agencies Update

Hospital-Acquired Conditions Declining

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):331. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10151

Identifying Medicare Beneficiaries at Risk of Harm From Opioids

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):331. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10152

Red Meat Allergy Associated With Coronary Artery Plaque

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):331. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9762

Poetry and Medicine

The Garden at Age 70

Jerome W. Freeman, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):410. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4203

JAMA Revisited

The Hygiene of Music

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):411. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.12490

JAMA Patient Page

Shingles Vaccination

Jill Jin, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;320(4):416. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7263

This JAMA Patient Page describes shingles, the shingles vaccine, and who should be vaccinated against shingles.

Comment & Response

Optimal Treatment for High-Risk Prostate Cancer

Wee Loon Ong, MBBS; Tze Lui Koh, MBBS; Jeremy Millar, MBChB, FRANZCR

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):404-405. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6709

Optimal Treatment for High-Risk Prostate Cancer鈥擱eply

Amar U. Kishan, MD; Ryan R. Cook, MSPH; Christopher R. King, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):405. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6721

Procalcitonin to Guide Antibiotic Decisions

David A. Talan, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):406. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6713

Procalcitonin to Guide Antibiotic Decisions鈥擱eply

Philipp Schuetz, MD, MPH; Beat Mueller, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):406-407. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6725

Contact Precautions to Prevent Pathogen Transmission

Amy Beth Kressel, MD, MS

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):407. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6982

Contact Precautions to Prevent Pathogen Transmission鈥擱eply

Michael A. Rubin, MD, PhD, MS; Matthew H. Samore, MD; Anthony D. Harris, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):407-408. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6986

Inconsistent Reporting of Potential Conflicts of Interest

Vinay Prasad, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;320(4):408. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9526

Correction

Incomplete Reporting of Potential Conflicts of Interest

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;320(4):408. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9750

Data Error

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;320(4):409. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9744

Incomplete Reporting of Potential Conflicts of Interest

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;320(4):409. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9757

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July 24/31, 2018, Vol 320, No. 4, Pages 321-416

Clinical Update

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