April 24, 2018 Issue of JAMA

April 24, 2018, Vol 319, No. 16, Pages 1631-1734

This Week in JAMA

Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(16):1631-1633. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.12339

Podcast: RCT Issue: Fitbit and Exercise for PAD, Effects of DAPT on Post-CABG SVG Patency, Lonafarnib for Progeria, and more

Original Investigation

Effect of a Home-Based Exercise Intervention of Wearable Technology and Telephone Coaching on Walking Performance in Peripheral Artery Disease: The HONOR Randomized Clinical Trial

Mary M. McDermott, MD; Bonnie Spring, MD; Jeffrey S. Berger, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(16):1665-1676. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3275

This randomized controlled trial compares the effect of a 9-month home-based exercise intervention comprising a wearable activity monitor and telephone coaching vs usual care on 6-minute walk distance among patients with peripheral artery disease.

Effect of Ticagrelor Plus Aspirin, Ticagrelor Alone, or Aspirin Alone on Saphenous Vein Graft Patency 1 Year After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Qiang Zhao, MD, PhD; Yunpeng Zhu, MD; Zhiyun Xu, MD, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(16):1677-1686. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3197

This randomized clinical trial compares the effect of ticagrelor鈥�+鈥塧spirin vs ticagrelor alone vs aspirin alone on saphenous vein graft patency 1 year after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in tertiary care hospitals in China.

Editorial
Ticagrelor Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: For Better Vein Graft Patency or Better Patient Outcomes?
John H. Alexander, MD, MHS

JAMA

Preliminary Communication

Association of Lonafarnib Treatment vs No Treatment With Mortality Rate in Patients With Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome

Leslie B. Gordon, MD, PhD; Heather Shappell, PhD; Joe Massaro, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(16):1687-1695. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3264

This cohort study compares mortality rates among patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome who were treated with the protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor lonafarnib vs contemporaneous matched untreated patients.

Editorial
Precision Medicine and Progress in the Treatment of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome
Fuki Marie Hisama, MD; Junko Oshima, MD, PhD

JAMA

Research Letter

Noncommercial Funders鈥� Policies on Trial Registration, Access to Summary Results, and Individual Patient Data Availability

Nicholas J. DeVito, MPH; Lisa French, MBiolSci; Ben Goldacre, MBBS

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(16):1721-1723. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2841

This study summarizes policies of the top 20 noncommercial funders of health research regarding trial registration, access to summary results, and individual patient data availability.

Trends in Obesity and Severe Obesity Prevalence in US Youth and Adults by Sex and Age, 2007-2008 to 2015-2016

Craig M. Hales, MD; Cheryl D. Fryar, MSPH; Margaret D. Carroll, MSPH; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(16):1723-1725. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3060

This study uses National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to characterize trends in obesity prevalence among US youth and adults between 2007-2008 and 2015-2016.

US Preventive Services Task Force

Recommendation Statement

Interventions to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

US Preventive Services Task Force

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(16):1696-1704. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3097

This 2018 US Preventive Services Task Force guideline recommends exercise to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults 65 years or older at increased fall risk (B recommendation), that patients and clinicians consider the balance of benefits and harms based on prior falls, comorbid conditions, and patient values and preferences (C recommendation), and recommends against vitamin D supplementation to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults 65 years or older (D recommendation).

Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Calcium and Vitamin D to Prevent Fractures and Interventions to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Adults

Editorial
Preventing Fractures and Falls: A Limited Role for Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements?
Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, MD, DrPH; Shalender Bhasin, MBBS; JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH

JAMA
New Prevention Guidelines for Falls and Fractures鈥擫ooking Beyond the Letters
David B. Reuben, MD

JAMA Intern Med

Evidence Report

Interventions to Prevent Falls in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Janelle M. Guirguis-Blake, MD; Yvonne L. Michael, ScD, SM; Leslie A. Perdue, MPH; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(16):1705-1716. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.21962

This systematic review to support the 2018 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on interventions to prevent falls in older adults summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of fall prevention interventions in community-dwelling older adults.

Editorial
Preventing Fractures and Falls: A Limited Role for Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements?
Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, MD, DrPH; Shalender Bhasin, MBBS; JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH

JAMA
New Prevention Guidelines for Falls and Fractures鈥擫ooking Beyond the Letters
David B. Reuben, MD

JAMA Intern Med

Viewpoint

Health, Faith, and Science on a Warming Planet

Monsignor Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo, PhD; Howard Frumkin, MD, DrPH; Veerabhadran Ramanathan, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1651-1652. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2779

In this Viewpoint, authors from the Vatican, academic medicine, and climate sciences highlight areas of consensus about climate change in their respective health, science, and faith communities and call for global collaboration to mitigate its effects, reduce health disparities, and improve human health.

Discharge Destination and Disparities in Postoperative Care

Robert E. Burke, MD, MS; Said A. Ibrahim, MD, MPH, MBA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1653-1654. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.21884

This Viewpoint reviews evidence of racial disparities in postoperative discharge settings, possible reasons for the disparities, and reforms and regulations that might be necessary to correct them.

Net Neutrality Repeal and the Potential Harm to Medical Education

Natasha Cuk, MD; Colin L. Robinson, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1655-1656. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.1683

This Viewpoint discusses ways in which the US FCC鈥檚 2017 repeal of net neutrality could compromise online medical education through prioritization by internet service providers of paid commercial over less well-funded or Free Open Access Medical Eduction (FOAM) content.

Molecular Epidemiology and the Transformation of HIV Prevention

Alexandra M. Oster, MD; Anne Marie France, PhD, MPH; Jonathan Mermin, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1657-1658. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.1513

This Viewpoint describes the addition of HIV nucleotide sequence data collected through molecular surveillance to traditional epidemiologic investigation as an effective means to characterize HIV transmission networks, contain outbreaks, and prevent further spread.

A Piece of My Mind

When Mind Deforms Body

Nathaniel P. Morris, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1659-1660. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4102

In this medical narrative essay, the author reflects on his experiences in emergency rooms, intensive care units and hospital wards assessing the mental health and motives of patients recovering from grievous self-inflected injuries and trauma.

Editorial

Ticagrelor Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: For Better Vein Graft Patency or Better Patient Outcomes?

John H. Alexander, MD, MHS

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1661-1662. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3793

Precision Medicine and Progress in the Treatment of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome

Fuki Marie Hisama, MD; Junko Oshima, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1663-1664. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2199

JAMA Clinical Evidence Synopsis

Hydrolyzed Formula Compared With Standard Formula for Preterm Infants

Derek H. C. Ng, MSc; Nicholas D. Embleton, MD; William McGuire, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1717-1718. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3623

This Clinical Evidence Synopsis summarizes a Cochrane review of clinical trials comparing the effects of hydrolyzed vs standard formula on feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis among preterm infants.

Medical News & Perspectives

Scientists Call FDA Statement on Bisphenol A Safety Premature

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1644-1646. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3288

This Medical News article discusses a new study of the chemical bisphenol A.

The JAMA Forum

Single-Payer Health Care: Opportunities and Vulnerabilities

Larry Levitt, MPP

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(16):1646-1647. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3997

News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

ER Opioid Overdoses Increasing

Bridget Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1650. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4026

Dentists at Risk of Lung Disease?

Bridget Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1650. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4585

Clinical Trials Update

Better Communication Can Improve HPV Vaccine Rates

Anita Slomski, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1649. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4013

Vegetarian and Mediterranean Diets Effective for Weight Loss

Anita Slomski, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1649. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4738

Disadvantaged Pain Patients Benefit From Psychological Interventions

Anita Slomski, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1649. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4739

Virtual CBT Improves Social Functioning in Psychosis

Anita Slomski, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1649. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4740

Prazosin May Not Reduce Nightmares in Veterans With PTSD

Anita Slomski, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1649. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4741

Health Agencies Update

Scientists Affirm Survey鈥檚 Value for Impaired Driving Research

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1648. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4286

Just 4 Weeks of Antibiotics Prevents Active TB in People With HIV

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1648. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4736

VA Using Telemedicine to Provide Therapy to Rural Veterans With PTSD

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1648. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4737

The Arts and Medicine

When You Got the Yams鈥擪endrick Lamar and the Language of Power in Clinical Encounters

Benjamin J. Oldfield, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(16):1642-1643. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3768

This Arts and Medicine essay discusses the relevance of hip-hop musician Kendrick Lamar鈥檚 music and lyrics to the health challenges of urban youth and argues for physician literacy that incorporates the arts that are important to patients.

Poetry and Medicine