June 5, 2018 Issue of JAMA

June 5, 2018, Vol 319, No. 21, Pages 2149-2244

This Week in JAMA

Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(21):2149-2151. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.12394

Podcast: Intubation Techniques for Difficult Airways, qSOFA Validity for Sepsis in Low-Resource Countries, Trachea Transplantation, and more.

Original Investigation

Effect of Use of a Bougie vs Endotracheal Tube and Stylet on First-Attempt Intubation Success Among Patients With Difficult Airways Undergoing Emergency Intubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Brian E. Driver, MD; Matthew E. Prekker, MD; Lauren R. Klein, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(21):2179-2189. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6496

This randomized clinical trial compares the effect on first-attempt success of intubation using a tracheal tube bougie introducer vs endotracheal tube with stylet in patients with difficult airway characteristics requiring emergency intubation.

Association Between Oxygen Saturation Targeting and Death or Disability in Extremely Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Oxygenation Prospective Meta-analysis Collaboration

Lisa M. Askie, PhD; Brian A. Darlow, MD; Neil Finer, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(21):2190-2201. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5725

This meta-analysis uses individual participant data from 5 randomized clinical trials to compare the effects of lower vs higher oxygen saturation target ranges on death or major morbidity among infants born before 28 weeks鈥� gestation.

Editorial
Optimizing Oxygen Saturation Targets in Extremely Preterm Infants
Matthew J. Bizzarro, MD

JAMA

Association of the Quick Sequential (Sepsis-Related) Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) Score With Excess Hospital Mortality in Adults With Suspected Infection in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Kristina E. Rudd, MD, MPH; Christopher W. Seymour, MD, MSc; Adam R. Aluisio, MD, MSc; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(21):2202-2211. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6229

This pooled cohort analysis assesses the association of quick Sequential (Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score with excess hospital death among patients with suspected infection in low- to middle-income countries and compares the mortality association using qSOFA vs systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria.

Editorial
qSOFA Score for Patients With Sepsis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Neill K. J. Adhikari, MDCM, MSc; Gordon D. Rubenfeld, MD, MS

JAMA

Preliminary Communication

Feasibility of Bioengineered Tracheal and Bronchial Reconstruction Using Stented Aortic Matrices

Emmanuel Martinod, MD, PhD; Kader Chouahnia, MD; Dana M. Radu, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(21):2212-2222. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4653

This case series describes 90-day mortality of patients who required tracheal, bronchial, or carinal reconstruction using stented aortic allografts supported by muscle flaps for treatment of inoperable airway disease including lung cancer, tracheal stenosis, or tracheomalacia.

Video: Videobronchoscopy Visualization of De Novo Cartilage Formation After Stent Removal Following Airway Reconstruction Using a Stented Aortic Matrix

Podcast: Replacing the Trachea: An Exciting New Procedure; But How Do We Know It Really Works?

Editorial
Has Reconstruction of the Central Airways Been Transformed?From Aorta to Trachea
Valerie W. Rusch, MD

JAMA
- Podcast: Replacing the Trachea: An Exciting New Procedure; But How Do We Know It Really Works?

Research Letter

Use of Conservative Management for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer in the Veterans Affairs Integrated Health Care System From 2005-2015

Stacy Loeb, MD, MSc; Nataliya Byrne, BA; Danil V. Makarov, MD, MHS; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(21):2231-2233. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5616

This study uses US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) data to characterize trends in the use of watchful waiting and active surveillance as strategies for managing low-risk prostate cancer in US veterans from 2005 through 2015.

Viewpoint

Value-Based Pricing for Drugs: Theme and Variations

Anna Kaltenboeck, MA; Peter B. Bach, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(21):2165-2166. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4871

In this Viewpoint, Peter Bach and colleagues distinguish 5 pricing reform proposals implied by the concept of value-based drug pricing and discuss the potential of each to ensure value in response to unsustainable drug price increases.

Three Steps Toward a More Sustainable Path for Targeted Cancer Drugs

Justin E. Bekelman, MD; Steven Joffe, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(21):2167-2168. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3414

This Viewpoint proposes policy reforms to prioritize use and development of new cancer drugs that yield meaningful clinical benefit at sustainable prices.

Value-Based Pricing and Patient Access for Specialty Drugs

James C. Robinson, PhD, MPH; Scott Howell, MD, MBA; Steven D. Pearson, MD, MSc

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(21):2169-2170. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5367

This Viewpoint discusses the challenges of high prices for payers and high access barriers for patients for specialty drugs and how these can be addressed by value-based pricing and value-based patient access.

A Piece of My Mind

Survival Techniques

Carly Benner Zapata, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(21):2171-2172. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6069

In this narrative medicine essay, a palliative care physician realizes that her inability to tolerate discomfort felt by her preschool-aged daughter is a survival technique in reaction to her experience of grief for her dying patients and comes to an understanding that the 2 roles complement each other.

Editorial

Optimizing Oxygen Saturation Targets in Extremely Preterm Infants

Matthew J. Bizzarro, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(21):2173-2174. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5724

qSOFA Score for Patients With Sepsis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Neill K. J. Adhikari, MDCM, MSc; Gordon D. Rubenfeld, MD, MS

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(21):2175-2177. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6413

Has Reconstruction of the Central Airways Been Transformed?From Aorta to Trachea

Valerie W. Rusch, MD

Abstract Full Text

has audio

JAMA. 2018;319(21):2177-2178. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4652

Podcast: Replacing the Trachea: An Exciting New Procedure; But How Do We Know It Really Works?

JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods

Randomization in Clinical Trials: Permuted Blocks and Stratification

Kristine Broglio, MS

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(21):2223-2224. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6360

This JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods explains the rationale for permuted block randomization and for stratifying randomization in clinical trials.

Podcast: JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods
JAMAevidence: Guide to Statistics and Methods: Randomization in Clinical Trials from the JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods
Podcast: Understanding Permuted Blocks and Stratification in Randomized Clinical Trials

JAMA Clinical Evidence Synopsis

Hearing Aids and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults With Hearing Loss

Pádraig T. Kitterick, PhD; Melanie A. Ferguson, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(21):2225-2226. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5567

This Clinical Evidence Synopsis summarizes a Cochrane review of randomized trials comparing the effects of hearing aids vs control interventions on health-related quality of life among adults with hearing loss.

JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis

Evaluation and Management of Patients With Syncope

Josh Waytz, MD; Adam S. Cifu, MD; Scott D. C. Stern, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(21):2227-2228. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.21992

This Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with syncope.

Medical News & Perspectives

As Overdoses Climb, Emergency Departments Begin Treating Opioid Use Disorder

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(21):2158-2160. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4648

This Medical News story describes the growing trend of emergency departments initiating medication-assisted treatment with buprenorphine to patients with opioid use disorder.

The Body鈥檚 Largest Artery Aids in Building a Better Trachea

Rebecca Voelker, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(21):2160-2161. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5374

In this medical news article, the author of a JAMA study reporting outcomes of tracheal or bronchial replacement surgery explains how he and his colleagues developed their techniques.

Podcast: Replacing the Trachea: An Exciting New Procedure; But How Do We Know It Really Works?

News From the Food and Drug Administration

New Test Identifies Candida auris

Rebecca Voelker, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(21):2164. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6922

FDA Blitz on Nicotine Product Sales to Minors

Rebecca Voelker, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(21):2164. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6923

Electrical Stimulation for Epilepsy

Rebecca Voelker, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(21):2164. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7068

Bench to Bedside

Enzyme-Responsive Hydrogels May Help Treat Arthritis

Tracy Hampton, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(21):2161-2162. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.12861

JAMA Infographic

Visualizing Health Metrics

Global Deaths Attributable to High Systolic Blood Pressure, 1990-2016

Laurie Marczak, PhD; Joan Williams, BA; Michaela Loeffler, BA; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(21):2163. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5119

The Arts and Medicine

Revision Plastic Surgery Reality Television: What鈥檚 Good About Botched?

Steven Dayan, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(21):2156-2157. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5756

This Arts and Medicine essay reviews Botched, a reality television show featuring patients seeking revision plastic surgery, praising it for its realistic depiction of complications and bad outcomes against the trend of unrealistic representations of plastic surgery online and in social media.

Poetry and Medicine