April 17, 2018 Issue of JAMA

April 17, 2018, Vol 319, No. 15, Pages 1523-1630

This Week in JAMA

Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(15):1523-1525. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.12328

Podcast: LDL-Lowering Benefit by Baseline LDL Levels, Comparative Efficacy of Newer Diabetes Drugs, Guideline on Vitamin D and Calcium to Prevent Fractures, and more

Original Investigation

Effect of Uterosacral Ligament Suspension vs Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation With or Without Perioperative Behavioral Therapy for Pelvic Organ Vaginal Prolapse on Surgical Outcomes and Prolapse Symptoms at 5 Years in the OPTIMAL Randomized Clinical Trial

J. Eric Jelovsek, MD, MMEd; Matthew D. Barber, MD, MHS; Linda Brubaker, MD, MS; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(15):1554-1565. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2827

This 2鈥壝椻€�2 factorial randomized clinical trial compares outcomes in women randomized to ULS vs SSLF and perioperative behavioral therapy and pelvic floor muscle training vs usual care for vaginal apical prolapse.

Association Between Baseline LDL-C Level and Total and Cardiovascular Mortality After LDL-C Lowering: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Eliano P. Navarese, MD, PhD; Jennifer G. Robinson, MD, MPH; Mariusz Kowalewski, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(15):1566-1579. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2525

This meta-analysis of randomized trials compares reductions in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality achieved with more vs less intensive LDL cholesterol lowering stratified by baseline LDL level.

Editorial
Challenges in Interpreting the Lipid-Lowering Trials: Biology vs Ecology
Ann Marie Navar, MD, PhD; Eric D. Peterson, MD, MPH

JAMA

Association Between Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors, Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Agonists, and Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors With All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Sean L. Zheng, BM BCh, MA, MRCP; Alistair J. Roddick, BSc; Rochan Aghar-Jaffar, BMedSci, BMBS, MRCP; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(15):1580-1591. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3024

This network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials that involved compares the effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors vs DPP-4 inhibitors vs GLP-1 agonists on mortality and cardiovascular events among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Video: Association Between Newer Antidiabetic Drug Classes and Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Research Letter

Trends in Post鈥揂cute Care Use Among Medicare Beneficiaries: 2000 to 2015

Rachel M. Werner, MD, PhD; R. Tamara Konetzka, PhD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(15):1616-1617. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2408

This study uses MedPAR data to characterize trends in use of skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) after acute care hospitalizations and trends in hospital and SNF/IRF lengths of stay among Medicare beneficiaries.

US Preventive Services Task Force

Recommendation Statement

Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

US Preventive Services Task Force

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(15):1592-1599. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3185

This 2018 US Preventive Services Task Force guideline concludes that current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of vitamin D and calcium supplementation, alone or combined, for primary prevention of fractures in community-dwelling, asymptomatic men and premenopausal women (I statement) and recommends against daily supplementation for primary prevention of fractures in community-dwelling, postmenopausal women (D recommendation).

Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Calcium and Vitamin D to Prevent Fractures and Interventions to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Adults

Editorial
Preventing Fractures and Falls: A Limited Role for Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements?
Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, MD, DrPH; Shalender Bhasin, MBBS; JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH

JAMA
New Prevention Guidelines for Falls and Fractures鈥擫ooking Beyond the Letters
David B. Reuben, MD

JAMA Intern Med

Evidence Report

Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Leila C. Kahwati, MD, MPH; Rachel Palmieri Weber, PhD; Huiling Pan, BA; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(15):1600-1612. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.21640

This systematic review to support the 2018 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on use of supplemental vitamin D and calcium for fracture prevention summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of vitamin D, calcium, or their combination for primary prevention of fractures in community-dwelling adults.

Editorial
Preventing Fractures and Falls: A Limited Role for Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements?
Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, MD, DrPH; Shalender Bhasin, MBBS; JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH

JAMA
New Prevention Guidelines for Falls and Fractures鈥擫ooking Beyond the Letters
David B. Reuben, MD

JAMA Intern Med

Viewpoint

Charter on Physician Well-being

Larissa R. Thomas, MD, MPH; Jonathan A. Ripp, MD, MPH; Colin P. West, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(15):1541-1542. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.1331

This Viewpoint discusses a 2018 Charter on Physician Well-being, a proposal by the Alliance for Internal Medicine鈥檚 Collaborative for Healing and Renewal in Medicine (CHARM) to identify guiding principles and key commitments physician groups and others might use as a framework for addressing physician burnout and dissatisfaction.

Physician Well-being and the Regenerative Power of Caring

Thomas L. Schwenk, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(15):1543-1544. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.1539

This Viewpoint explores the root causes of physician dissatisfaction and burnout in contemporary health systems and proposes reforms that could restore physicians鈥� ability to care for patients in reciprocal relationships to reclaim professional satisfaction.

Overcoming Challenges to US Payment Reform: Could a Place-Based Approach Help?

Adam D. M. Briggs, BMBCh, DPhil; Hugh Alderwick, BA; Elliott S. Fisher, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(15):1545-1546. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.1542

This Viewpoint describes a 鈥減lace-based鈥� approach to health care organization and how it could improve health care and costs in the United States, using England鈥檚 National Health Service sustainability and transformation partnerships as an example.

A Piece of My Mind

Mentoring Millennials

Jennifer F. Waljee, MD, MPH, MS; Vineet Chopra, MD, MSc; Sanjay Saint, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(15):1547-1548. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3804

In this narrative medical essay, the authors present 3 scenarios exemplifying the collision between mentoring expectations among millennials and older generation faculty and proposes strategies to bridge generational divides and engage the next generation of physicians.

Editorial

Challenges in Interpreting the Lipid-Lowering Trials: Biology vs Ecology

Ann Marie Navar, MD, PhD; Eric D. Peterson, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(15):1549-1551. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4041

Preventing Fractures and Falls: A Limited Role for Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements?

Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, MD, DrPH; Shalender Bhasin, MBBS; JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(15):1552-1553. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4023

JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis

Evaluation and Treatment of Hirsutism in Premenopausal Women

Mizuho S. Mimoto, MD, PhD; Julie L. Oyler, MD; Andrew M. Davis, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(15):1613-1614. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2611

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2018 multisociety guideline on evaluation and treatment of hirsutism in premenopausal women.

Medical News & Perspectives

Robert Kerns, PhD: Researching Nondrug Approaches to Pain Management

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(15):1535-1537. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.0247

This Medical News article is an interview with Robert Kerns, PhD, on a research collaboration at military and veteran health facilities.

Podcast: Researching Nondrug Approaches to Pain Management

News From the Food and Drug Administration

New Option for Drug-resistant HIV

Rebecca Voelker, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(15):1540. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3975

A Comeback for European Shellfish

Rebecca Voelker, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(15):1540. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3977

Duodenoscope Warning

Rebecca Voelker, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(15):1540. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3986

The JAMA Forum

Redesigning Medicaid Managed Care

Andrew Bindman, MD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2018;319(15):1537-1538. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3411

Global Health

WHO Issues New Guidelines for LTBI

M.J. Friedrich

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(15):1539. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3344

Yaws Eradication Requires Improved Approach

M.J. Friedrich

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(15):1539. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4126

Urgency to End Newborn Deaths

M.J. Friedrich

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(15):1539. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4127

The Arts and Medicine

Exploring the Surgical Gaze Through Literature and Art

Kathryn B. Kirkland, MD; Sienna R. Craig, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2018;319(15):1532-1534. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.0396

This Arts and Medicine essay describes the teaching of narrative medicine techniques to surgical trainees, and how close readings of the painting In Hospital (The Operating Room) in seminars and Surgical Grand Rounds revealed truths about the importance of perspective to the surgeon鈥檚 professionalism and compassionate care.

Poetry and Medicine