November 3, 2015 Issue of JAMA

November 3, 2015, Vol 314, No. 17, Pages 1771-1886

This Week in JAMA

Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(17):1771-1773. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12061

Podcast: Endovascular thrombectomy for stroke, trends in prescription drug use in the US, HAART for HIV-infected children in South Africa, and more.

Original Investigation

Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy Among Nevirapine-Exposed HIV-Infected Children in South Africa: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Ashraf Coovadia, MBChB; Elaine J. Abrams, MD; Renate Strehlau, MBChB; et al.

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JAMA. 2015;314(17):1808-1817. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13631

This randomized trial compares risks of viral rebound and viral failure with continuation of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir vs switching to efavirenz among children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection exposed to nevirapine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission who had initial viral suppression with ritonavir-boosted lopinavir鈥揵ased therapy.

Editorial
Antiretroviral Therapy for Nevirapine-Exposed Children With HIV Infection
Ram Yogev, MD

JAMA

Trends in Prescription Drug Use Among Adults in the United States From 1999-2012

Elizabeth D. Kantor, PhD, MPH; Colin D. Rehm, PhD, MPH; Jennifer S. Haas, MD, MSc; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(17):1818-1830. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13766

This pharmacoepidemiology study uses NHANES data to describe trends in prescription drug use among US adults between 1999 and 2012.

Podcast: Prescription Drug Use in US Adults 1999-2012

Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-analysis

Jetan H. Badhiwala, MD; Farshad Nassiri, MD; Waleed Alhazzani, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(17):1832-1843. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13767

precis

Editorial
Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Joanna M. Wardlaw, MD, FRCR; Martin S. Dennis, MD, FRCP

JAMA

Hospital-Diagnosed Pertussis Infection in Children and Long-term Risk of Epilepsy

Morten Olsen, MD, PhD; Sandra K. Thygesen, MD; John R. Østergaard, MD, DMSc; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(17):1844-1849. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13971

This cohort study uses Danish patient registry data to investigate associations between hospital-diagnosed pertussis infections and risk of epilepsy.

Preliminary Communication

Potential Mechanisms for Cancer Resistance in Elephants and Comparative Cellular Response to DNA Damage in Humans

Lisa M. Abegglen, PhD; Aleah F. Caulin, PhD; Ashley Chan, BS; et al.

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JAMA. 2015;314(17):1850-1860. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13134

This article investigates mechanisms for cancer resistance in elephants and compares cellular response to DNA damage among elephants, healthy human controls, and cancer-prone patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome.

Editorial
Evolutionary Adaptations to Risk of Cancer: Evidence From Cancer Resistance in Elephants
Mel Greaves, PhD; Luca Ermini, PhD

JAMA

Research Letter

Trends in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Susceptibility to Cephalosporins in the United States, 2006-2014

Robert D. Kirkcaldy, MD, MPH; Edward W. Hook III, MD; Olusegun O. Soge, PhD; et al.

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JAMA. 2015;314(17):1869-1871. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.10347

This study describes gonococcal cephalosporin susceptibility trends using 2006-2014 data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project and changes in gonorrhea treatment following publication in 2012 of a CDC treatment guideline update.

Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among US Youth Aged 12-17 Years, 2013-2014

Bridget K. Ambrose, PhD, MPH; Hannah R. Day, PhD; Brian Rostron, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2015;314(17):1871-1873. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13802

This national survey study characterizes self-reported use of flavored tobacco products among US youths aged 12 to 17 years in 2013 and 2014.

Viewpoint

Confluence, Not Conflict of Interest: Name Change Necessary

Anne R. Cappola, MD, ScM; Garret A. FitzGerald, MD, FRS

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(17):1791-1792. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.12020

This Viewpoint discusses themes that emerged at the recent Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics international meeting on conflict of interest.

New Opportunities for Integrating Drug Safety Risk Management Programs Into the Health Care System: Bridging the Divide

Meredith Y. Smith, PhD, MPA; Paul J. Seligman, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(17):1793-1794. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.11871

This Viewpoint discusses the role of the FDA鈥檚 Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies program in monitoring drug safety and proposes ways the program can be redesigned for better integration into the US health care system.

The Promotion of Medical Products in the 21st Century: Off-label Marketing and First Amendment Concerns

Joshua M. Sharfstein, MD; Alta Charo, JD

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JAMA. 2015;314(17):1795-1796. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.12045

This Viewpoint expresses concern over recent court-established First Amendment rights applications to the US FDA鈥檚 drug approval process.

The Undiagnosed Diseases Network of the National Institutes of Health: A National Extension

William A. Gahl, MD, PhD; Anastasia L. Wise, PhD; Euan A. Ashley, MRCP, DPhil

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(17):1797-1798. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.12249

This Viewpoint discusses the launch of the Undiagnosed Diseases Network and its features.

A Piece of My Mind

When Minutes Matter

Toby C. Campbell, MD, MSCI

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(17):1799-1800. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.9204

Editorial

Antiretroviral Therapy for Nevirapine-Exposed Children With HIV Infection

Ram Yogev, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(17):1801-1802. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13763

Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Joanna M. Wardlaw, MD, FRCR; Martin S. Dennis, MD, FRCP

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(17):1803-1805. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.14674

Evolutionary Adaptations to Risk of Cancer: Evidence From Cancer Resistance in Elephants

Mel Greaves, PhD; Luca Ermini, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(17):1806-1807. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13153

From the 糖心vlog

Diabetes Risk Assessment and Glycemic Control

Sandeep Vijan, MD, MS; Angela Fagerlin, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(17):1861-1862. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.11518

This commentary discusses a cluster randomized trial published in JAMA Ophthalmology that compared the effects of personalized education and risk assessment vs usual care during retinal ophthalmologic visits on hemoglobin A_1c levels among patients with diabetes.

JAMA Clinical Evidence Synopsis

Interventions for Hirsutism

Esther J. van Zuuren, MD; Zbys Fedorowicz, MSc, DPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(17):1863-1864. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.11743

This Clinical Evidence Synopsis summarizes a Cochrane review on interventions for hirsutism.

JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis

Evaluation of Patients With Asymptomatic Microhematuria

David Kiragu, MD; Adam S. Cifu, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(17):1865-1866. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13711

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the American Urological Association鈥檚 2012 guideline for evaluating patients with asymptomatic microhematuria.

Medical News & Perspectives

Transgender Care Moves Into the Mainstream

Laura Buchholz

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2015;314(17):1785-1787. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.11043

This Medical News and Perspectives article discusses the barriers that transgender patients encounter in seeking health care and the resources and education available to physicians.

News From the Food and Drug Administration