May 25, 2021 Issue of JAMA

May 25, 2021, Vol 325, No. 20, Pages 2031-2126

This Week in JAMA

Audio Highlights

Abstract Full Text

free access online only has audio

JAMA. 2021;325(20):e2017953. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.17953

Podcast: Hypertonic Saline for TBI, Alpha-Blockers vs Stimulants for Preschool Children With ADHD, Maternal SARS-CoV-2 and Neonatal Outcomes, and more

Original Investigation

Effect of Continuous Infusion of Hypertonic Saline vs Standard Care on 6-Month Neurological Outcomes in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: The COBI Randomized Clinical Trial

Antoine Roquilly, MD, PhD; Jean Denis Moyer, MD; Olivier Huet, MD, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2056-2066. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5561

This clinical trial conducted in France explores whether continuous infusion of hypertonic saline solution improves neurological outcome at 6 months in patients with traumatic brain injury.

伪₂-Adrenergic Agonists or Stimulants for Preschool-Age Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Elizabeth Harstad, MD, MPH; Justine Shults, PhD; William Barbaresi, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2067-2075. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.6118

This retrospective review uses data from health records of preschool-age children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated in developmental-behavioral pediatric practices to examine the improvements and adverse effects associated with the use of 伪₂-adrenergic agonists vs stimulants for initial ADHD medication treatment.

Editorial
Comparison of Medication Treatments for Preschool Children With ADHD: A First Step Toward Addressing a Critical Gap
Tanya E. Froehlich, MD, MS

JAMA

Association of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy With Neonatal Outcomes

Mikael Norman, MD; Lars Navér, MD; Jonas Söderling, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2076-2086. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5775

This cohort study uses Swedish national registry data to investigate associations between maternal SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, including mortality and need for resuscitation, between March 2020 and January 2021.

Editorial
Understanding Risk for Newborns Born to SARS-CoV-2鈥揚ositive Mothers
Dani Dumitriu, MD, PhD; Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, MD, MS

JAMA

Research Letter

S-Gene Target Failure as a Marker of Variant B.1.1.7 Among SARS-CoV-2 Isolates in the Greater Toronto Area, December 2020 to March 2021

Kevin A. Brown, PhD; Jonathan Gubbay, MBBS, MMedSc; Jessica Hopkins, MD, MHSc; et al.

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2115-2116. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5607

This study determined the spread of the B.1.1.7 SARs-CoV-2 variant in the Greater Toronto Area over 4 months by tracking S-gene target failure as marker.

Preliminary Investigation of In situ Thrombus Within Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients With and Without Stroke

Chaowu Yan, PhD, MD; Hua Li, MD

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2116-2118. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.4359

This study uses high-resolution optical coherence tomography to investigate whether patent foramen ovale could be the site of thrombus formation in patients with or without stroke.

US Preventive Services Task Force

Recommendation Statement

Behavioral Counseling Interventions for Healthy Weight and Weight Gain in Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

US Preventive Services Task Force

Abstract Full Text

free access has audio

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2087-2093. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.6949

This 2021 Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends that clinicians offer pregnant persons effective behavioral counseling interventions aimed at promoting healthy weight gain and preventing excess gestational weight gain in pregnancy (B recommendation).

Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Behavioral Counseling Interventions for Healthy Weight and Weight Gain in Pregnancy

Editorial
Behavioral Counseling Interventions for Healthy Weight During Pregnancy: An Ambitious Endeavor
D. Yvette LaCoursiere, MD, MPH

JAMA

Evidence Report

Counseling and Behavioral Interventions for Healthy Weight and Weight Gain in Pregnancy: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Amy G. Cantor, MD, MPH; Rebecca M. Jungbauer, DrPH, MPH, MA; Marian McDonagh, PharmD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

free access has audio

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2094-2109. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.4230

This systematic review to support the 2021 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on interventions for healthy weight and weight gain in pregnancy summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of counseling and behavioral interventions for healthy weight and gestational weight gain in adolescent and adult women who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy.

Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Behavioral Counseling Interventions for Healthy Weight and Weight Gain in Pregnancy

Editorial
Behavioral Counseling Interventions for Healthy Weight During Pregnancy: An Ambitious Endeavor
D. Yvette LaCoursiere, MD, MPH

JAMA

Viewpoint

Precision Medicine for COVID-19: Phenotype Anarchy or Promise Realized?

Kimberley DeMerle, MD, MSc; Derek C. Angus, MD, MPH; Christopher W. Seymour, MD, MSc

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2041-2042. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5248

This Viewpoint discusses the trend toward identifying 鈥渟ubtypes鈥� of various diseases (eg, asthma and COPD) and proposes criteria for justifying subclassifications of COVID-19, including biological plausibility, prompt identifiability, nonoverlap in cases, reproducibility, and treatment responsiveness

Designing a Successful Primary Care Physician Capitation Model

Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD; Farzad Mostashari, MD, ScM; Amol S. Navathe, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2043-2044. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5133

This Viewpoint proposes 7 elements necessary for a successful transition from a fee-for-service (FFS) to a capitated payment model for primary care physicians, all intended to sustain their ability to improve the quality and value of the care they provide while reducing costs.

High and Rising Working-Age Mortality in the US: A Report From the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Kathleen Mullan Harris, PhD; Steven H. Woolf, MD, MPH; Darrell J. Gaskin, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2045-2046. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.4073

This Viewpoint summarizes a 2021 report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) that details declining life expectancy among working-age adults in the US from drug and alcohol use, suicide, and cardiometabolic diseases, mortality disparities by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geography, and implications for health policy.

A Piece of My Mind

Defense Against Numbness

Cynthia X. He, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2047-2048. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.7137

In this narrative medicine essay, an Asian American physician discusses how her race has played a role in interactions with patients, both negatively and positively, and how these exchanges have provided a lens through which to see mutual recognition and shared experience.

Editorial

Comparison of Medication Treatments for Preschool Children With ADHD: A First Step Toward Addressing a Critical Gap

Tanya E. Froehlich, MD, MS

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2049-2050. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5603

Understanding Risk for Newborns Born to SARS-CoV-2鈥揚ositive Mothers

Dani Dumitriu, MD, PhD; Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, MD, MS

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2051-2052. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.6210

Behavioral Counseling Interventions for Healthy Weight During Pregnancy: An Ambitious Endeavor

D. Yvette LaCoursiere, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2053-2055. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5720

JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods

Adjusting for Nonadherence or Stopping Treatments in Randomized Clinical Trials

Amanda I. Adler, MD, PhD; Nicholas R. Latimer, MSc, PhD

Abstract Full Text

has audio

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2110-2111. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.2433

This JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods describes various methods to handle trial participant nonadherence to study interventions.

Podcast: Adjusting for Nonadherence or Stopping Treatments With Drs Adler and Latimer

JAMA Insights

Indoor Air Changes and Potential Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission

Joseph G. Allen, DSc, MPH; Andrew M. Ibrahim, MD, MSc

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2112-2113. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5053

This JAMA Insights review summarizes basic measures of indoor air ventilation as a means to explain how increases in frequency of air exchange and filtration capture efficiency could mitigate far-field airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 inside rooms and buildings.

Medical News & Perspectives

Researchers Tie Severe Immunosuppression to Chronic COVID-19 and Virus Variants

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

free access has multimedia has audio

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2033-2035. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.7212

This Medical News article discusses clinical care and isolation for patients with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infections, who researchers say may generate and transmit viral variants.

Video: Immunosuppression, Chronic COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Podcast: May 2021 Medical News Summary

An Inside Look at a Post鈥揅OVID-19 Clinic

Kristin Walter, MD, MS

Abstract Full Text

free access has audio

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2036-2037. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.2426

In this Medical News article, Aluko Hope, MD, former co-director of the Montefiore-Einstein Department of Medicine鈥檚 COVID-19 Recovery Clinic, discusses how the clinic helps patients with persistent symptoms of the disease.

Podcast: An Inside Look at a Post鈥揅OVID-19 Clinic
Podcast: May 2021 Medical News Summary

News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Massive Costs of the US Opioid Epidemic in Lives and Dollars

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2040. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.7464

Sexually Transmitted Disease Cases Continue to Break Records

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2040. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.6937

Clinical Trials Update

Clear Surgical Masks Create More Positive Interactions With Patients

Anita Slomski

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2039. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.6793

Upadacitinib Noninferior to Adalimumab for Psoriatic Arthritis

Anita Slomski

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2039. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.7716

Patients Favor Surgical Repair of Ruptured ACL

Anita Slomski

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2039. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.7718

Shorter Antibiotic Therapy Safe for Inpatients With Pneumonia

Anita Slomski

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2039. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.7721

Patient Navigation Reduces Substance Abuse Disorder Readmissions

Anita Slomski

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2039. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.7723

Health Agencies Update

Allergic Reactions to mRNA Vaccines

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2038. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.6941

Improving Maternal Health

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2038. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.7584

Free, At-Home Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Tests

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2038. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.7585

Poetry and Medicine

Oxheart

Katie Lehman, MFA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2121. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5228

JAMA Revisited

The Social Responsibilities of Modern Medicine

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2122. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.17954

JAMA Patient Page

Behavioral Interventions for Healthy Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Jill Jin, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

free access has audio

JAMA. 2021;325(20):2126. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.7530

This JAMA Patient Page summarizes the US Preventive Services Task Force鈥檚 2021 recommendations on behavioral interventions for healthy weight gain during pregnancy.