September 21, 2021 Issue of JAMA

September 21, 2021, Vol 326, No. 11, Pages 993-1116

This Week in JAMA

Audio Highlights

Abstract Full Text

free access online only has audio

JAMA. 2021;326(11):e2018133. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.18133

Podcast: Low Tidal Volume Mechanical Ventilation Using ECCO2R, Probiotics to Prevent VAP in the ICU, TAVR for Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis, Medical Schools in the US, and more

Original Investigation

Caring for the Critically Ill Patient

Effect of Lower Tidal Volume Ventilation Facilitated by Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal vs Standard Care Ventilation on 90-Day Mortality in Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: The REST Randomized Clinical Trial

James J. McNamee, MB, ChB; Michael A. Gillies, MD; Nicholas A. Barrett, MB, ChB; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(11):1013-1023. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.13374

This randomized clinical trial examines whether lower tidal volume ventilation facilitated by extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal, compared with standard care, will decrease mortality 90 days after randomization in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Video: Effect of Noninvasive Respiratory Strategies on Intubation or Mortality Among Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and COVID-19

Effect of Probiotics on Incident Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Jennie Johnstone, MD, PhD; Maureen Meade, MD, MSc; François Lauzier, MD, MSc; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(11):1024-1033. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.13355

This clinical trial assessed whether Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG compared with placebo reduces ventilator-associated pneumonia and other clinically important outcomes for a broad range of critically ill patients.

Association Between Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Bicuspid vs Tricuspid Aortic Stenosis and Mortality or Stroke Among Patients at Low Surgical Risk

Raj R. Makkar, MD; Sung-Han Yoon, MD; Tarun Chakravarty, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(11):1034-1044. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.13346

This registry-based cohort study compared rates of mortality and stroke at 30 days and 1 year among patients at low surgical risk with bicuspid vs tricuspid aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Editorial
Transcatheter Valve Replacement for Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis
Catherine M. Otto, MD; David E. Newby, MD

JAMA

Research Letter

Antibody Response After a Third Dose of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Minimal Serologic Response to 2 Doses

Ilies Benotmane, MD; Gabriela Gautier, MD; Peggy Perrin, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(11):1063-1065. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12339

This study examines the antibody responses to a third dose (100 渭g) of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among kidney transplant recipients in France who had not responded to 2 doses of the vaccine.

Change in Saliva RT-PCR Sensitivity Over the Course of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Zion Congrave-Wilson, MS; Yesun Lee, PhD; Jaycee Jumarang, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(11):1065-1067. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.13967

This study investigates the timeframe that optimizes saliva sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 detection using reverse transcriptase鈥損olymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing.

Special Communication

A Guideline for Reporting Mediation Analyses of Randomized Trials and Observational Studies: The AGReMA Statement

Hopin Lee, PhD; Aidan G. Cashin, PhD; Sarah E. Lamb, DPhil; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(11):1045-1056. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14075

This Special Communication describes the methods that were used to develop the guideline, provides a long- and short-form checklist to be used when writing research reports, presents brief explanations for each reporting item, and provides guidance on how to use A Guideline for Reporting Mediation Analyses (AGReMA).

Editorial
A Reporting Guideline for Mediation Analyses
Kabir Yadav, MDCM, MS, MSHS; Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD

JAMA
Editor's Note
Reporting Findings From Mediation Analyses
Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA

JAMA

Viewpoint

Confronting the Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2, Summer 2021

Carlos del Rio, MD; Preeti N. Malani, MD, MSJ; Saad B. Omer, MBBS, PhD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(11):1001-1002. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14811

This Viewpoint discusses the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2, including its epidemiology, transmissibility, how uneven vaccination coverage in the US encouraged its spread, and the most effective public health responses to curb it.

Video: Immunosuppression, Chronic COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Video: Frequently Asked COVID-19 Vaccine Questions

Potential Implications of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Surges for Rural Areas and Hospitals

Sameer S. Kadri, MD, MS; Steven Q. Simpson, MD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(11):1003-1004. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.13941

This Viewpoint discusses the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 and suggests potential solutions for institutions, governments, and society as they navigate the potentially rural-dominant surge in infections.

Video: Frequently Asked COVID-19 Vaccine Questions

The Helping to End Addiction Long-term (HEAL) Initiative of the National Institutes of Health

Rebecca G. Baker, PhD; Walter J. Koroshetz, MD; Nora D. Volkow, MD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(11):1005-1006. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.13300

This Viewpoint discusses the Helping to End Addiction Long-term initiative of the National Institutes of Health that was launched in 2018 to provide scientific solutions to the evolving crisis of opioid misuse, addiction, and overdose.

A Piece of My Mind

It Is What It Is

Meeta Prasad Kerlin, MD, MSCE

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(11):1007-1008. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14917

In this narrative medicine essay, a critical care physician tells how plans for her sister鈥檚 kidney transplant halted last year when the COVID-19 pandemic caused the shutdown of most nonurgent medical care services and hopes the system can develop a better process for patients with chronic diseases.

Editorial

Transcatheter Valve Replacement for Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis

Catherine M. Otto, MD; David E. Newby, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(11):1009-1010. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.13229

A Reporting Guideline for Mediation Analyses

Kabir Yadav, MDCM, MS, MSHS; Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(11):1011-1012. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.15462

JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis

Recommendations for Prevention and Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy

Benjamin A. Derman, MD; Andrew M. Davis, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(11):1058-1059. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.7458

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the American Society of Clinical Oncology鈥檚 2020 guideline on the prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in adults.

From The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics

Pitolisant (Wakix) for Narcolepsy

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(11):1060-1061. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.1349

This Medical Letter review summarizes the use of pitolisant, a histamine-3鈥搑eceptor antagonist/inverse agonist, for treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness or cataplexy in adults with narcolepsy.

Editor's Note

Reporting Findings From Mediation Analyses

Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(11):1057. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.15786

Medical News & Perspectives

Twenty Years After 9/11, Responders Are Still Healing

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(11):995-998. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14010

This Medical News article discusses ongoing physical and mental health effects for emergency personnel, recovery and cleanup workers, and volunteers who responded on and after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

Podcast: 9/11 Responders鈥� Health 20 Years Later, Part 1
Podcast: 9/11 Responders鈥� Health 20 Years Later, Part 2

News From the Food and Drug Administration

New Treatment Approved for Adults and Children With Pompe Disease

Bridget M. Kuehn, MS

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(11):1000. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.15588

Lupus Drug Is Approved Despite Previous Clinical Trial Setback

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(11):1000. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14964

鈥淐ollaborative Communities鈥� Tackle Device Development Challenges

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(11):1000. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.15589

Global Health

Increase in Myopia Reported Among Children During COVID-19 Lockdown

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(11):999. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14475

India Takes Aim at Eliminating Visceral Leishmaniasis

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(11):999. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.15467

US Health System Ranks Last Among High-Income Countries

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(11):999. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.15468

Poetry and Medicine

Penned

Rimas Uzgiris, PhD, MFA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(11):1074. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.10994

JAMA Revisited

Beethoven鈥檚 Deafness

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(11):1075. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.18134

Appendix

MD-Granting Medical Schools in the United States, 2020-2021

Barbara Barzansky, PhD; Sylvia I. Etzel

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(11):1077-1087. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12944

This Appendix presents data from the 2020-2021 Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) annual questionnaire, which provides information on the number of students, student demographics, and curriculum content at US medical schools.

Graduate Medical Education, 2020-2021

Sarah E. Brotherton, PhD; Sylvia I. Etzel

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(11):1088-1110. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.13501

This Appendix presents 2020 National GME Census data detailing the numbers and types of ACGME-accredited training programs and the residents and fellows in them.

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