January 3, 2023 Issue of JAMA

January 3, 2023, Vol 329, No. 1, Pages 5-104

This Week in JAMA

Audio Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;329(1):e2215746. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.15746

Podcast: Rapid-Onset Opioid vs Neuromuscular Blocker for Rapid Sequence Intubation, 180-Day Outcomes in COVID-19 in REMAP-CAP, Recommendations for Antiretrovirals for Treatment and Prevention of HIV, and more

Original Investigation

Effect of Remifentanil vs Neuromuscular Blockers During Rapid Sequence Intubation on Successful Intubation Without Major Complications Among Patients at Risk of Aspiration: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Nicolas Grillot, MD; Gilles Lebuffe, MD, PhD; Olivier Huet, MD, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;329(1):28-38. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.23550

This randomized trial assesses the effect of remifentanil vs neuromuscular blockers on successful intubation without major complications among patients at risk of aspiration during rapid sequence intubation in the operating room.

Caring for the Critically Ill Patient

Long-term (180-Day) Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in the REMAP-CAP Randomized Clinical Trial

Writing Committee for the REMAP-CAP Investigators

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;329(1):39-51. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.23257

This secondary analysis of an ongoing adaptive platform trial examines the effect of multiple interventions for critically ill adults with COVID-19 on longer-term outcomes.

Editorial
Long-term Follow-up After Critical COVID-19: REMAP-CAP Revisited
Michael L. Barnett, MD, MS; Paul E. Sax, MD

JAMA

Association of Race and Ethnicity With Initial Prescription of Antiretroviral Therapy Among People With HIV in the US

Lauren C. Zalla, PhD; Stephen R. Cole, PhD; Joseph J. Eron, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;329(1):52-62. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.23617

This retrospective observational study of adults entering HIV care between 2007 and 2019 compares differences in the prescription of integrase inhibitor鈥揷ontaining antiretroviral therapy by patient race and ethnicity.

Research Letter

Manufacturer Revenue on Inhalers After Expiration of Primary Patents, 2000-2021

William B. Feldman, MD, DPhil, MPH; S. Sean Tu, JD, PhD; Rasha Alhiary, PharmD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;329(1):87-89. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.19691

This study quantifies the revenue earned on all brand-name inhalers approved by the US Food and Drug Administration from 2000 to 2021 and compared earnings before and after expiration of primary patents on these products.

Estimated Medicare Part B Savings From Inflationary Rebates

Alexander C. Egilman, BA; Aaron S. Kesselheim, MD, JD, MPH; Benjamin N. Rome, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;329(1):89-92. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.20189

This study uses annual Medicare Part B spending data to examine the potential savings from the drug pricing reforms in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.

COVID-19 and Excess All-Cause Mortality in the US and 20 Comparison Countries, June 2021-March 2022

Alyssa Bilinski, PhD; Kathryn Thompson, MHA; Ezekiel Emanuel, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;329(1):92-94. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.21795

This study compares the COVID-19 per capita overall and excess mortality rates in the US vs rates for 20 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries and the timing of any increases in excess mortality between June 2021 and December 2021 (Delta) and December 2021 to March 2022 (Omicron).

Special Communication

Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults: 2022 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society鈥揢SA Panel

Rajesh T. Gandhi, MD; Roger Bedimo, MD; Jennifer F. Hoy, MBBS; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;329(1):63-84. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.22246

This guideline from the International Antiviral (formerly AIDS) Society鈥揢SA updates practice recommendations for managing HIV infection, including when to change antiviral regimens; use of preexposure prophylaxis to prevent infection in at-risk persons; care of pregnant persons with HIV, people aging with HIV, and people with substance use disorder and HIV; and new challenges in people with HIV, including COVID-19 and monkeypox virus infection.

Podcast: Advances in Treatment and Prevention of HIV

Viewpoint

Medicaid, the Supreme Court, and Safe Care for Nursing Home Residents

Nicole Huberfeld, JD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2023;329(1):17-18. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.22762

This Viewpoint details the risk to Medicaid beneficiaries if the Supreme Court supports a decision that will allow states to deny benefits to eligible recipients and deny beneficiaries鈥� ability to hold states accountable in federal court.

Urgent Need for Next-Generation COVID-19 Vaccines

Peter W. Marks, MD, PhD; Philip A. Gruppuso, MD; Eli Y. Adashi, MD, MS

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;329(1):19-20. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.22759

This Viewpoint argues that the development of a distinctly improved generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is paramount to offering a greater breadth and depth of protection for a longer duration against COVID-19 disease.

Podcast: Urgent Need for Next-Generation COVID-19 Vaccines

A Piece of My Mind

The Scent of Hope

Brooke Redmond, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2023;329(1):21-22. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.22367

In this narrative medicine essay, a neonatologist bends over her young daughter and breathes in the scent of hope after her child is hospitalized with diabetic ketoacidosis and a new diagnosis of diabetes.

Editorial

Public Access to Scientific Research Findings and Principles of Biomedical Research鈥擜 New Policy for the 糖心vlog

Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS; Brian Shields, MBA; John Z. Ayanian, MD, MPP; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;329(1):23-24. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.23451

Editorial
Correcting the Medical Literature: 鈥淭o Err Is Human, to Correct Divine鈥�
Stacy Christiansen, MA; Annette Flanagin, RN, MA

JAMA
Data Sharing and the Growth of Medical Knowledge
Annette Flanagin, RN, MA; Gregory Curfman, MD; Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS

JAMA
Looking Back and Moving Forward鈥�JAMA 2022 Year in Review
Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS; Annette Flanagin, MA, RN; Stacy L. Christiansen, MA; Greg Curfman, MD

JAMA

Long-term Follow-up After Critical COVID-19: REMAP-CAP Revisited

Michael L. Barnett, MD, MS; Paul E. Sax, MD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;329(1):25-27. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.23700

JAMA Insights

Genomics and Precision Health

RNA Sequencing as a Diagnostic Tool

Shamika Ketkar, PhD; Lindsay C. Burrage, MD, PhD; Brendan Lee, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;329(1):85-86. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.22843

This JAMA Insights discusses RNA sequencing, which allows detection of qualitative and quantitative changes in RNA expression across the genome in clinical samples, and how it may improve molecular diagnostic rates achieved by diagnostic exome sequencing and whole-genome sequencing alone.

Medical News & Perspectives

Cardiovascular Corner鈥擱esearchers Probe Factors That May Contribute to Cardiovascular Health Disparities

Melissa Suran, PhD, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2023;329(1):7-8. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.22283

This Medical News article highlights recently published research about disparities in cardiovascular health.

Amid Ohio Measles Outbreak, New Global Report Warns of Decreased Vaccination During COVID-19 Pandemic

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;329(1):9-11. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.23241

This Medical News article discusses an annual report on measles from the World Health Organization and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.