August 10, 2021 Issue of JAMA

August 10, 2021, Vol 326, No. 6, Pages 459-577

This Week in JAMA

Audio Highlights

Abstract Full Text

free access online only has audio

JAMA. 2021;326(6):e2018073. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.18073

Podcast: Azithromycin and IL-6 Antagonists for COVID-19, Ultraprocessed Food Consumption Among Youth, Screening for Gestational Diabetes, and more

Original Investigation

Effect of Oral Azithromycin vs Placebo on COVID-19 Symptoms in Outpatients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Catherine E. Oldenburg, ScD, MPH; Benjamin A. Pinsky, MD, PhD; Jessica Brogdon, MPH, TM; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(6):490-498. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.11517

This randomized trial assesses the effect of a single dose of azithromycin vs placebo on absence of COVID-19 symptoms at posttreatment day 14 among outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Association Between Administration of IL-6 Antagonists and Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Meta-analysis

The WHO Rapid Evidence Appraisal for COVID-19 Therapies (REACT) Working Group

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(6):499-518. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.11330

This prospective meta-analysis estimates the association between administration of IL-6 antagonists compared with usual care or placebo and 28-day all-cause mortality and other outcomes.

Editorial
IL-6 Receptor Antagonist Therapy for Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: Who, When, and How?
Michael A. Matthay, MD; Anne F. Luetkemeyer, MD

JAMA

Trends in Consumption of Ultraprocessed Foods Among US Youths Aged 2-19 Years, 1999-2018

Lu Wang, PhD, MPH; Euridice Martínez Steele, PhD; Mengxi Du, MS, MPH, RD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(6):519-530. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.10238

This cross-sectional analysis uses 24-hour dietary recall data to characterize trends in the consumption of ultraprocessed foods in a nationally representative sample of US youths aged 2-19 years from 10 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Editorial
Intake of Ultraprocessed Foods Among US Youths: Health Concerns and Opportunities for Research and Policy
Katie A. Meyer, ScD; Lindsey Smith Taillie, PhD

JAMA

Research Letter

Nicotine Pouch Unit Sales in the US, 2016-2020

Kristy L. Marynak, MPP; Xu Wang, PhD; Mateusz Borowiecki, BS; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(6):566-568. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.10366

This study uses retail scanner data to assess nicotine pouch sales in the US between 2016 and 2020.

US Preventive Services Task Force

Recommendation Statement

Screening for Gestational Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

US Preventive Services Task Force

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(6):531-538. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.11922

This 2021 Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for gestational diabetes in asymptomatic pregnant persons at 24 weeks of gestation or after (B recommendation) and concludes that current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for gestational diabetes in asymptomatic pregnant persons before 24 weeks of gestation (I statement).

Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Gestational Diabetes

Editorial
Screening for Gestational Diabetes
Cuilin Zhang, MD, PhD, MPH; Patrick Catalano, MD

JAMA

Evidence Report

Screening for Gestational Diabetes: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Jennifer Pillay, MSc; Lois Donovan, MD; Samantha Guitard, MSc; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(6):539-562. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.10404

This systematic review to support the 2021 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on screening for gestational diabetes summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for and treatment of diabetes in asymptomatic pregnant persons.

Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Gestational Diabetes

Editorial
Screening for Gestational Diabetes
Cuilin Zhang, MD, PhD, MPH; Patrick Catalano, MD

JAMA

Viewpoint

Expanding Evidence for Clinical Care of Older Adults: Beyond Clinical Trial Traditions and Finding New Approaches

Michael A. Steinman, MD; Cynthia M. Boyd, MD, MPH; Kenneth E. Schmader, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(6):475-476. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12134

This Viewpoint highlights why complementary approaches, which often have received less attention, are necessary to enhance the evidence needed to inform care for older adults.

The Triple Aim for Payment Reform in Joint Replacement Surgery: Quality, Spending, and Disparity Reduction

Caroline P. Thirukumaran, MBBS, MHA, PhD; Meredith B. Rosenthal, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(6):477-478. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12070

This Viewpoint discusses the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement model created by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and how it and other payment reforms can help reduce disparities in joint replacements and other high-priority conditions nationally.

Using Updated PubMed: New Features and Functions to Enhance Literature Searches

Pauline Kang, PhD; Michael Kalloniatis, PhD; Gordon S. Doig, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(6):479-480. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12021

This Viewpoint describes how the updated functionality of PubMed could be useful to clinicians searching for answers to important clinical questions in real time.

A Piece of My Mind

A Pandemic of Lights

Maureen Hirthler, MD, MFA

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(6):481-482. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12213

In this narrative medicine essay, a retired emergency medicine physician ponders the creeping fear imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic while she visits a local botanical garden, fearing encountering others who may carry the virus, and compares these fears with her past fearlessness in the emergency department.

Editorial

IL-6 Receptor Antagonist Therapy for Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: Who, When, and How?

Michael A. Matthay, MD; Anne F. Luetkemeyer, MD

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2021;326(6):483-485. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.11121

Intake of Ultraprocessed Foods Among US Youths: Health Concerns and Opportunities for Research and Policy

Katie A. Meyer, ScD; Lindsey Smith Taillie, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(6):485-487. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.9845

Screening for Gestational Diabetes

Cuilin Zhang, MD, PhD, MPH; Patrick Catalano, MD

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2021;326(6):487-489. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12190

JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis

Management of Patients With Microhematuria

Clark Judge, MD; Adam S. Cifu, MD; Sarah Faris, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(6):563-564. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.4770

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the American Urological Association鈥檚 2020 guideline on management of patients with microhematuria.

Medical News & Perspectives

Recently Approved Alzheimer Drug Raises Questions That Might Never Be Answered

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(6):469-472. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.11558

This Medical News feature examines the debate over which patients with Alzheimer disease, if any, might benefit from the newly approved drug aducanumab.

Podcast: August 2021 Medical News Summary

News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

US Won鈥檛 Meet National Goal Without Increased HIV Testing

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(6):474. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12344

Editorial
Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for the United States
Anthony S. Fauci, MD; Robert R. Redfield, MD; George Sigounas, MS, PhD; Michael D. Weahkee, MHA, MBA; Brett P. Giroir, MD

JAMA

Rare, Life-Threating Bacterial Infections Are Investigated

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(6):474. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12041

Biotech Innovations

COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Blunt Breakthrough Infection Severity

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(6):473. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12619

Oldest Adults Need 2 mRNA Vaccine Doses to Neutralize SARS-CoV-2

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(6):473. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12179

Antigen Testing Every 3 Days Is Highly Sensitive for SARS-CoV-2

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(6):473. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12620

The Arts and Medicine

The Doctors Blackwell鈥擝iography of Pioneering Women in Medicine

N. Lynn Eckhert, MD, MPH, DrPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(6):467-468. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.7493

This Arts and Medicine essay describes the recent biography by Janice Nimura that profiles Elizabeth Blackwell, the first US woman to receive an MD, and her sister and fellow physician Emily, including their struggles, successes, and how they helped chart a path for subsequent generations of women physicians.

Poetry and Medicine