December 28, 2021 Issue of JAMA

December 28, 2021, Vol 326, No. 24, Pages 2451-2541

This Week in JAMA

Audio Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(24):e2018289. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.18289

Podcast: Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy for Preterm Infants, First Attempt Intubation in Critically Ill Patients, Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes in China, and more

Original Investigation

Effect of Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy vs Sham Treatment on Death or Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The OPTIMIST-A Randomized Clinical Trial

Peter A. Dargaville, MD; C. Omar F. Kamlin, DMedSci; Francesca Orsini, MSc; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(24):2478-2487. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.21892

This randomized clinical trial includes preterm infants with a gestational age of 25 to 28 weeks who were supported with continuous positive airway pressure and compares the effect of selective application of minimally invasive surfactant therapy at a low fraction of inspired oxygen threshold vs control treatment on survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Video: Demonstration of the Hobart Method of Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy in a Resuscitation Manikin Equivalent to a 27-Week Gestation 1-kg Preterm Infant

Editorial
Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy to Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants
Tetsuya Isayama, MD, MSc, PhD

JAMA

Caring for the Critically Ill Patient

Effect of Use of a Bougie vs Endotracheal Tube With Stylet on Successful Intubation on the First Attempt Among Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Tracheal Intubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Brian E. Driver, MD; Matthew W. Semler, MD; Wesley H. Self, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(24):2488-2497. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22002

This multicenter randomized clinical trial assesses the effect of use of a tracheal tube introducer vs an endotracheal tube with stylet on successful intubation on the first attempt among critically ill adults undergoing tracheal intubation in emergency departments and intensive care units between 2019 and 2021.

Video: Effect of Use of a Bougie vs Endotracheal Tube With Stylet on Successful Intubation on the First Attempt Among Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Tracheal Intubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes in China, 2013-2018

Limin Wang, MPH; Wen Peng, MD, MPH; Zhenping Zhao, MPH; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(24):2498-2506. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22208

This cross-sectional nationally representative survey in China estimated trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and risk factors of diabetes among patients.

Research Letter

Durability of Antibody Levels After Vaccination With mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Individuals With or Without Prior Infection

Diana Zhong, MD; Shaoming Xiao, MSPH; Amanda K. Debes, PhD, MS; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(24):2524-2526. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.19996

This study examines antibody durability in individuals who received an mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection vs those without infection.

Self-reported Behaviors Regarding Medications to Save Money Among Sexual Minority Adults in the US, 2015-2018

Rishub K. Das, BA; Gilbert Gonzales, PhD, MHA

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(24):2526-2529. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.20335

This survey-based study of US adults from gender and sexual minority populations examines self-reported behaviors to save money on prescription medications, including skipping doses, purchasing from other countries, delaying refills, taking less medication, and using alternative therapies.

Place of Birth of Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden

Mikael Norman, MD, PhD; Christian Gadsbøll, MD; Lars J. Björklund, MD, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(24):2529-2530. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.21199

This study assesses rates of extremely preterm births (22-26 weeks鈥� gestation) and their outcomes by hospital level of care among all births registered in Sweden from 2014 to 2019.

Viewpoint

Diagnostic Excellence

Next-Generation Artificial Intelligence for Diagnosis: From Predicting Diagnostic Labels to 鈥淲ayfinding鈥�

Julia Adler-Milstein, PhD; Jonathan H. Chen, MD, PhD; Gurpreet Dhaliwal, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(24):2467-2468. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22396

This Viewpoint explains how artificial intelligence (AI) tools have the potential to do more than predict final diagnostic labels and how AI can help reduce clinician error and more accurately diagnose and manage illness.

Product Approval and Public Health at the US Food and Drug Administration

Peter Lurie, MD, MPH; Joshua M. Sharfstein, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(24):2469-2470. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22354

This Viewpoint discusses the recent FDA-proposed draft guidance on benefit-risk assessment to guide its review of new drug and biological products and how this approach will enhance its mission to protect public health.

Criterion-Based Measurements of Patient Experience in Health Care: Eliminating Winners and Losers to Create a New Moral Ethos

Thom Mayer, MD; Arjun Venkatesh, MD, MBA, MHA; Donald M. Berwick, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(24):2471-2472. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.21771

This Viewpoint argues for a change in the assessment of patient experience in health care, moving from norm-based scores and rankings to a criterion-based system with transparent reporting of results.

A Piece of My Mind

How Pregnancy Unmasked My Internalized Ableism

Megan Winkelman Creasman, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(24):2473-2474. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22116

In this narrative medicine essay, a medical resident while pregnant fearlessly takes care of her physical needs while at work, which taught her to take a more open approach to caring for her physical needs that stem from chronic illness.

Editorial

Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy to Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants

Tetsuya Isayama, MD, MSc, PhD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(24):2475-2476. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.21667

JAMA and the US Preventive Services Task Force

Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA; Robert M. Golub, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(24):2477. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.23159

Editorial
JAMA Welcomes the US Preventive Services Task Force
Howard Bauchner, MD; Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA; Robert M. Golub, MD

JAMA

Review

Contraception Selection, Effectiveness, and Adverse Effects: A Review

Stephanie Teal, MD, MPH; Alison Edelman, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(24):2507-2518. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.21392

This Review summarizes current evidence regarding the efficacy, adverse effects, and optimal selection of reversible contraceptives, including oral contraceptive pills, intrauterine devices and subdermal implants, and condoms.

Podcast: Contraceptive Selection: Incorporating Patient Health, Values, and Preferences
Podcast: Medication Abortion Using Mifepristone and Misoprostol

JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis

Management of Gout

Irsk J. Anderson, MD; Andrew M. Davis, MD, MPH; Reem H. Jan, MBBS

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(24):2519-2520. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.19763

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the American College of Rheumatology鈥檚 2020 guideline for the management of gout.

From The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics

Two New Pneumococcal Vaccines鈥擯revnar 20 and Vaxneuvance

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(24):2521-2522. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22119

This Medical Letter review summarizes Prevnar 20 and Vaxneuvance, 2 new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults.

Medical News & Perspectives

糖心vlog Journals鈥� Articles of the Year 2021

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(24):2456-2459. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.21479

This Medical News article is our fifth-annual roundup of the top-viewed articles from each of the 糖心vlog Journals.

Omicron Has Reached the US鈥擧ere鈥檚 What Infectious Disease Experts Know About the Variant

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(24):2460-2462. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22619

This Medical News article on Omicron, the newest SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern, is adapted from a JAMA video interview recorded on December 1, 2021.

Video: COVID-19 Update: Omicron Variant

Podcast: COVID-19 Update: Omicron Variant

News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

New Plans Focus on Health Care Workers鈥� Mental Health

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(24):2465. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22042

Influenza Vaccination Increased During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(24):2465. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22390

Clinical Trials Update

Semaglutide鈥檚 Weight-Loss Benefits Were Sustained in a 2-Year Study

Anita Slomski

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(24):2464. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.21717

Video: Pharmacotherapy for Obesity

More Pediatric Data for First Cell-Derived Influenza Vaccine

Anita Slomski

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(24):2464. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22774

Tirzepatide Tested for Type 2 Diabetes With High Cardiovascular Risk

Anita Slomski

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(24):2464. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22775

Primary Care-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Pain

Anita Slomski

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(24):2464. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22776

Health Agencies Update

Autopsies Reveal Lung Damage Patterns From COVID-19

Melissa Suran, PhD, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(24):2463. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22070

Suicide Risk Varies With Demographics and Sexual Orientation

Melissa Suran, PhD, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(24):2463. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22838

Expanding Localized Outreach to Combat COVID-19

Melissa Suran, PhD, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(24):2463. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22839

The Arts and Medicine

Graphic Medicine鈥擳he Best of 2021

Michael J. Green, MD, MS; Brian Callender, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(24):2453-2455. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.21248

This Arts and Medicine feature reviews 2 outstanding graphic novels of 2021: Coma by Zara Slattery, about the author鈥檚 delirium while being treated for streptococcal sepsis and multiorgan failure, and Parenthesis by 脡lodie Durand, about her experience with tumor-induced seizures.

Poetry and Medicine