September 14, 2021 Issue of JAMA

September 14, 2021, Vol 326, No. 10, Pages 889-984

This Week in JAMA

Audio Highlights

Abstract Full Text

free access online only has audio

JAMA. 2021;326(10):e2018121. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.18121

Podcast: Camrelizumab for Advanced-Stage Esophageal Cancer, Urate-Elevating Inosine for Early Parkinson Disease, Low- vs High-Normal Oxygen Targets in the ICU, and more

Original Investigation

Effect of Camrelizumab vs Placebo Added to Chemotherapy on Survival and Progression-Free Survival in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The ESCORT-1st Randomized Clinical Trial

Huiyan Luo, MD, PhD; Jin Lu, BS; Yuxian Bai, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(10):916-925. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12836

This clinical trial compares overall and progression-free survival of patients with advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma randomized to camrelizumab plus chemotherapy or to placebo plus chemotherapy.

Editorial
Immunotherapy for Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma鈥擱enewed Enthusiasm and a Lingering Challenge
Laercio Lopes DaSilva, MD; Pedro Nazareth Aguiar Jr, MD, PhD; Gilberto de Lima Lopes, MD, MBA

JAMA Oncol

Effect of Urate-Elevating Inosine on Early Parkinson Disease Progression: The SURE-PD3 Randomized Clinical Trial

The Parkinson Study Group SURE-PD3 Investigators

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(10):926-939. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.10207

This randomized clinical trial assesses whether sustained urate-elevating treatment with the urate precursor inosine, compared with placebo, slows rate of clinical disease progression among patients with early Parkinson disease.

Caring for the Critically Ill Patient

Effect of Low-Normal vs High-Normal Oxygenation Targets on Organ Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Harry Gelissen, MD, MBA; Harm-Jan de Grooth, MD, PhD; Yvo Smulders, MD, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(10):940-948. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.13011

This clinical trial compares the effectiveness of a low-normal Pao₂ target vs a high-normal Pao₂ target to reduce organ dysfunction in critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Editorial
Titrating Oxygen Therapy in Critically Ill Patients
Martin Urner, MD; Carolyn S. Calfee, MD, MAS; Eddy Fan, MD, PhD

JAMA

Research Letter

Trends in Mortality From COVID-19 and Other Leading Causes of Death Among Latino vs White Individuals in Los Angeles County, 2011-2020

Paul Simon, MD; Alex Ho, MD; Megha D. Shah, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(10):973-974. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.11945

This study compares age-adjusted mortality rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2011-2020) among Latino and White individuals living in Los Angeles County.

US Preventive Services Task Force

Recommendation Statement

Screening for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

US Preventive Services Task Force

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(10):949-956. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14081

This 2021 Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends that all sexually active women 24 years or younger and women 25 years or older at increased risk for infection be screened for chlamydia (B recommendation) and gonorrhea (B recommendation) and concludes that current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in men (I statement).

Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea

Editorial
Screening for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
Jeanne Marrazzo, MD, MPH; Jodie Dionne-Odom, MD, MSPH

JAMA

Evidence Report

Screening for Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Amy Cantor, MD, MPH; Tracy Dana, MLS; Jessica C. Griffin, MS; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(10):957-966. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.10577

This systematic review to support the 2021 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on screening for chlamydial and gonococcal infections summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for chlamydial and gonococcal infection in adults and adolescents, including those who are pregnant.

Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea

Editorial
Screening for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
Jeanne Marrazzo, MD, MPH; Jodie Dionne-Odom, MD, MSPH

JAMA

Viewpoint

Making Vaccines Available to Other Countries Before Offering Domestic Booster Vaccinations

G. Owen Schaefer, DPhil; R. J. Leland, PhD; Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(10):903-904. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.13226

This Viewpoint highlights countries with higher concentrations of COVID-19鈥搗accinated residents and and excess vaccine supply vs those without, and it emphasizes the clinical and ethical reasons for prioritizing distribution of excess vaccine to underserved countries instead of keeping it for booster administration.

Setting the Stage for the Next 10 Years of Health Care Payment Innovation

Bob Kocher, MD; Rahul Rajkumar, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(10):905-906. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.13153

This Viewpoint describes 4 health policy strategies that could help lead to improvements in cost and quality in the US health care system.

Private Equity and Health Care Delivery: Value-Based Payment as a Guardrail?

Brian W. Powers, MD, MBA; William H. Shrank, MD, MSHS; Amol S. Navathe, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(10):907-908. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.13197

This Viewpoint considers how payment models may dictate the nature of private equity investment in health care delivery and how these investments may affect health care access, quality, equity, and affordability.

A Piece of My Mind

Preventing a Pandemic's Toll鈥擶e've Been Here Before

Abigail Zuger, MD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(10):909-910. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14402

In this narrative medicine essay, an infectious diseases physician recalls the reluctance of some patients with AIDS who feared taking antiretroviral medications, offering the same arguments being raised for refusing COVID vaccinations, and suggests that story telling may be a compelling way to convince people to be vaccinated.

Editorial

Titrating Oxygen Therapy in Critically Ill Patients

Martin Urner, MD; Carolyn S. Calfee, MD, MAS; Eddy Fan, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(10):911-913. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.9843

Screening for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea

Jeanne Marrazzo, MD, MPH; Jodie Dionne-Odom, MD, MSPH

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(10):913-915. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14773

JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods

Estimands, Estimators, and Estimates

Roderick J. Little, PhD; Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(10):967-968. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.2886

This JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods takes a look at estimands, estimators, and estimates in the context of randomized clinical trials and suggests several qualities that make for good estimands, including their scope, ability to summarize treatment effects, external validity, and ability to provide good estimates.

Podcast: Estimands, Estimators, and Estimates With Dr Little

JAMA Insights

Pulmonary Rehabilitation in 2021

Carolyn L. Rochester, MD; Martijn A. Spruit, PT, PhD; Anne E. Holland, PT, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(10):969-970. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.6560

This JAMA Insights Clinical Update provides an overview of pulmonary rehabilitation, including patient candidacy, the process and components, and expected outcomes.

Editorial
Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Improved Survival for Patients With COPD
Carolyn L. Rochester, MD; Anne E. Holland, PT, PhD

JAMA

Medical News & Perspectives

Influenza鈥檚 Unprecedented Low Profile During COVID-19 Pandemic Leaves Experts Wondering What This Flu Season Has in Store

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(10):899-900. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14131

This Medical News feature examines potential scenarios about how severe the upcoming flu season might be, given the dearth of influenza worldwide since the COVID-19 pandemic began.

Podcast: September 2021 Medical News Summary

News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Adolescent Myocarditis After COVID-19 Vaccination Is Rare

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(10):902. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14237

Severe Tuberculosis Surged After Shelter-in-Place Lifted

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(10):902. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14683

Biotech Innovations

SARS-CoV-2 Variant Antibodies Wane 6 Months After Vaccination

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(10):901. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.15115

Potential New Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor Partner for Lung Cancer

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(10):901. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14765

Point-of-Care SARS-CoV-2 Variant Diagnostic in Development

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(10):901. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.15116

Poetry and Medicine

Taxonomy of the Oaks

Matthew Joel Goodman, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(10):980. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.10293

JAMA Revisited

The Fad for Pseudoscience: Pertinent Queries and Musings

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2021;326(10):981. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.18122

JAMA Patient Page

Screening for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea

Jill Jin, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2021;326(10):984. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14770

This JAMA Patient Page summarizes the US Preventive Services Task Force鈥檚 recent recommendations on screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in adolescents and adults.