July 3, 2023 Issue of JAMA

July 3, 2023, Vol 330, No. 1, Pages 7-90

This Week in JAMA

Audio Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;330(1):e2215962. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.15962

Podcast: CMV Prophylaxis in Kidney Transplant, US Maternal Mortality, Diabetic Foot Ulcers, and more

Original Investigation

Letermovir vs Valganciclovir for Prophylaxis of Cytomegalovirus in High-Risk Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Ajit P. Limaye, MD; Klemens Budde, MD; Atul Humar, MD, MSc; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;330(1):33-42. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.9106

This randomized clinical trial compares the efficacy and safety of letermovir vs valganciclovir prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in CMV-seronegative kidney transplant recipients receiving an organ from a CMV-seropositive donor.

Podcast: Letermovir vs Valganciclovir for Prophylaxis of Cytomegalovirus Disease in High-Risk Kidney Transplant Recipients

Editorial
A New Antiviral Option for Cytomegalovirus Prevention After Kidney Transplant
Zoe Raglow, MD; Daniel R. Kaul, MD

JAMA

Germline Genetic Testing After Cancer Diagnosis

Allison W. Kurian, MD, MSc; Paul Abrahamse, MA; Allison Furgal, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;330(1):43-51. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.9526

This observational study describes the prevalence of germline genetic testing in California and Georgia between 2013 and 2019 among patients diagnosed with cancer.

Editorial
Genetic Testing for Cancer Susceptibility
Zsofia K. Stadler, MD; Deborah Schrag, MD, MPH

JAMA

Trends in State-Level Maternal Mortality by Racial and Ethnic Group in the United States

Laura G. Fleszar, MPH; Allison S. Bryant, MD, MPH; Catherine O. Johnson, PhD, MPH; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;330(1):52-61. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.9043

This study uses vital registration and census data from 1999 to 2019 to quantify trends in maternal mortality ratios (maternal deaths per 100鈥�000 live births) by state for 5 mutually exclusive racial and ethnic groups in the US using a bayesian extension of the generalized linear model network.

Video: Worsening US Maternal Death Rates

Podcast: Worsening US Maternal Death Rates
Podcast: JAMA Editors鈥� Choice 2023: Clinical Reviews Podcasts

Research Letter

Accuracy of a Generative Artificial Intelligence Model in a Complex Diagnostic Challenge

Zahir Kanjee, MD, MPH; Byron Crowe, MD; Adam Rodman, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;330(1):78-80. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.8288

This study assesses the diagnostic accuracy of the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) artificial intelligence (AI) model in a series of challenging cases.

Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Adults With Coronary Artery Disease in the US, January 2015 to March 2020

Rahul Aggarwal, MD; Nicholas Chiu, MD, MPH; Peter Libby, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;330(1):80-82. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.8646

This study uses National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to examine lipid control among adults in the US with coronary artery disease from January 2015 to March 2020.

Viewpoint

For Health Equity, We Must End Mass Incarceration

Emily A. Wang, MD, MAS; Shira Shavit, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2023;330(1):15-16. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.8206

This Viewpoint discusses the health harms to individuals and communities because of mass incarceration in the US and proposes interventions to ensure health equity for all individuals.

Nowhere Else to Go鈥擲olitary Confinement as Mental Health Care

Nathaniel P. Morris, MD; Jacob M. Izenberg, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2023;330(1):17-18. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.2768

This Viewpoint examines the clinical, ethical, and legal concerns of the use of solitary confinement to manage acute psychiatric distress among incarcerated people.

Opportunities for Improved Dengue Control in the US Territories

Alfonso C. Hernandez-Romieu, MD, MPH; Laura E. Adams, DVM, MPH; Gabriela Paz-Bailey, MD, MSc, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2023;330(1):19-20. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.8567

This Viewpoint from the CDC discusses the prevalence of dengue infection in US territories and opportunities to combat it, such as vaccines and novel vector control methods.

A Physician Crisis in the Rural US May Be About to Get Worse

Atul Grover, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2023;330(1):21-22. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.7138

This Viewpoint discusses the overturning of Roe v Wade and subsequent banning of abortion or placement of gestational limits in almost half of US states, and the potential effects that such policies will have on the ability to recruit and retain health care professionals in these states.

Lessons From COVID-19 for Protecting Workers in the Next Pandemic

David Michaels, PhD, MPH; Gregory R. Wagner, MD; Lillian Ryan, BA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2023;330(1):23-24. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.8229

This Viewpoint examines some of the missteps during the COVID-19 pandemic to protect health care workers and how to use lessons from those mistakes for future pandemics.

A Piece of My Mind

Two Pink Lines

Victoria Mitre, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2023;330(1):25-26. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.9319

In this narrative medicine essay, a pediatrician retells her story of infertility, finding solace among others who experienced it, to demonstrate to those yet to experience it that they are not alone.

Editorial

A New Antiviral Option for Cytomegalovirus Prevention After Kidney Transplant

Zoe Raglow, MD; Daniel R. Kaul, MD

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2023;330(1):27-29. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.9100

Genetic Testing for Cancer Susceptibility

Zsofia K. Stadler, MD; Deborah Schrag, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2023;330(1):30-32. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.9474

Review

Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Review

David G. Armstrong, DPM, MD, PhD; Tze-Woei Tan, MBBS, MPH; Andrew J. M. Boulton, MD, DSc; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;330(1):62-75. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.10578

This Review summarizes current evidence regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diabetic foot ulcers.

Podcast: Diagnosis and Treatment of Morton Neuroma, Plantar Fasciitis, and Achilles Tendinopathy

JAMA Clinical Challenge

Heart Failure, Neuropathy, and Spinal Stenosis

Omar A. Welleman, MD; Yvonne C. Schrama, MD, PhD; Henk-Jan Boiten, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;330(1):76-77. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.8977

A 60-year-old patient with a history of lumbar spinal stenosis had 2 months of chest pain and shortness of breath with exertion and 3 months of toe numbness. Laboratory testing showed elevated levels of high-sensitivity troponin, brain-type natriuretic peptide, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase; bone scintigraphy showed increased cardiac uptake. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?

Medical News & Perspectives

Quick Uptakes

Sugar Substitutes Don鈥檛 Help Weight Control and May Increase Risk of Heart Disease and Diabetes, WHO Warns

Melissa Suran, PhD, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;330(1):9-10. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.10967

This Medical News article discusses a recent WHO guideline that advises against using nonsugar sweeteners to lose weight or reduce the risk of noncommunicable diseases.

Podcast: June 2023 Medical News Summary

Quick Uptakes

Surgeon General Sounds the Alarm on Social Media Use and Youth Mental Health Crisis

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2023;330(1):11-12. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.10262

This Medical News article discusses potential harms and benefits of social media use and what primary care physicians can do to protect children and adolescents and support families.