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November 2024 - July 1883

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July 28, 2020, Vol 324, No. 4, Pages 317-406

This Week in JAMA

Audio Highlights

Abstract Full Text
free access online only has audio
JAMA. 2020;324(4):e200030. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0030
Original Investigation

Effect of Intravenous Acetaminophen on Postoperative Hypoxemia After Abdominal Surgery: The FACTOR Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2020;324(4):350-358. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.10009

This randomized trial compares the effect of intravenous acetaminophen vs placebo on duration of hypoxemia during the initial 48 postoperative hours among patients undergoing colorectal and other abdominal surgeries.

Association of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act With Dietary Quality Among Children in the US National School Lunch Program

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2020;324(4):359-368. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.9517

This national survey study assesses the dietary quality of lunch for students participating in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) before and after implementation of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act, which, in 2012, aligned school lunch nutrition standards with the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

Association of Menopausal Hormone Therapy With Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality During Long-term Follow-up of the Women鈥檚 Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trials

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2020;324(4):369-380. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.9482

This study reports 20-year breast cancer incidence among participants in Women鈥檚 Health Initiative (WHI) trials randomized to conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) alone or with medroxyprogesterone acetate vs placebo.

Research Letter

Economic Vulnerability of Households With Essential Workers

Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. 2020;324(4):388-390. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.11366

This study uses 2018 national survey data to characterize the proportion of essential workers in the US overall and living in economically vulnerable households, defined as income <$40鈥000 or at least 1 member uninsured or older than age 65.

Associations Between Built Environment, Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Pregnant Women in New York City

Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. 2020;324(4):390-392. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.11370

This cross-sectional study investigates associations of residential building characteristics and markers of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) with screen-detected SARS-CoV-2 prevalence among pregnant women delivering in 2 New York City hospitals.

SARS-CoV-2 Positivity Rate for Latinos in the Baltimore鈥揥ashington, DC Region

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2020;324(4):392-395. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.11374

This study characterizes the trends in rates of SARS-CoV-2 positive test results among individuals in the Baltimore鈥揥ashington, DC area by self-reported race/ethnicity.

Trends in HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Prescribing in the United States, 2012-2018

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2020;324(4):395-397. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.7312

This study uses national pharmacy claims data to describes trends in prescriptions for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) overall and by specialty between 2012 and 2018.

Viewpoint

A Proposed Lottery System to Allocate Scarce COVID-19 Medications: Promoting Fairness and Generating Knowledge

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2020;324(4):329-330. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.11464

This Viewpoint proposes creation of state-level central lotteries for allocating drugs like remdesivir to hospitalized patients with COVID-19, which, if paired with demographic and outcome registry data, would enable equitable treatment allocation and facilitate actionable intelligence about the drugs鈥 treatment effectiveness through a natural experiment.

Missed Opportunities on Emergency Remdesivir Use

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2020;324(4):331-332. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.11932

This Viewpoint argues that the FDA鈥檚 Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of remdesivir missed important opportunities to mandate further study of the drug鈥檚 safety and efficacy and to require fair drug pricing, and proposes modifications to create a patient registry with required data entry for any prescription and to allow government negotiations to achieve a reasonable drug price based on shared risk-taking.

COVID-19: Beyond Tomorrow

The State of Health Care Quality Measurement in the Era of COVID-19: The Importance of Doing Better

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2020;324(4):333-334. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.11461

This Viewpoint discusses deficiencies in existing approaches to measuring health care quality and safety exposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and proposes process improvements, including reducing the need for manual data extraction, reducing delays between measures and reporting, and better standardizing the measures.

COVID-19: Beyond Tomorrow

The Dual Epidemics of COVID-19 and Influenza: Vaccine Acceptance, Coverage, and Mandates

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2020;324(4):335-336. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.10802

This Viewpoint proposes policy responses to boost influenza vaccination uptake and reduce the anticipated morbidity and mortality of an influenza鈥揅OVID-19 co-epidemic in fall 2020.

Cognitive Bias and Public Health Policy During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2020;324(4):337-338. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.11623

This Viewpoint reviews common cognitive biases that led health centers and the public to favor patient- over population health鈥搊riented policy responses to the initial COVID-19 pandemic, and proposes messaging to better articulate the rationale for more effective population health responses.

Centralization of High-risk Surgery in the US: Feasible Solution or More Trouble Than It Is Worth?

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):339-340. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2953

This Viewpoint discusses the rationale for centralizing high-risk surgical procedures鈥攔eferring patients to medical centers with more experienced surgeons to improve outcomes鈥攁nd considers alternative strategies less likely to inconvenience patients and more likely to improve surgical safety with fewer trade-offs.

Limited Evidence for the Health Effects and Safety of Intermittent Fasting Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2020;324(4):341-342. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3908

This Viewpoint summarizes evidence about the effects of intermittent fasting on chronic disease markers and considers potential concerns about fasting as a strategy for weight management and glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes.

The VA MISSION Act and the Future of Veterans鈥 Access to Quality Health Care

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):343-344. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4505

In the context of loosening criteria allowing veterans cared for within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) health system to seek and receive nonurgent care in community settings, this Viewpoint discusses comparative access and timeliness, quality, and costs associated with the VHA vs outside facility care, and potential ramifications for the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) budget.

A Piece of My Mind

A Cruel COVID-19 Irony

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2020;324(4):345-346. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.11882

In this narrative medicine essay, an internist notes the irony of being able to go to the bedside of her dying mother and lie in her bed holding her through the night to awaken to her recovering mother only to be again banished from her.

Editorial

Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Long-term Breast Cancer Risk: Further Data From the Women鈥檚 Health Initiative Trials

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):347-349. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.9620
JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods

Regression Discontinuity Design

Abstract Full Text
has audio
JAMA. 2020;324(4):381-382. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3822

This JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods explains the use of regression discontinuity analysis on observational data鈥攖he difference in effect estimate between regression analyses using an exposure variable above and beneath a threshold of interest鈥攖o distinguish changes attributable to an intervention from background ecological or secular changes.

JAMA Insights

Management of Hepatitis A in 2020-2021

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):383-384. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4017

This JAMA Clinical Insights article reviews the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis A infection given an upward trend in the incidence of the disease since 2016 in the US.

JAMA Clinical Challenge

Digit Ulcerations in a Young Woman

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):385-386. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6084

A 23-year-old woman had pain, color changes, and ischemic ulcerations of the fingertips of both hands. History and examination revealed eye and mouth dryness, mild dysphagia, and dilated nailfold capillaries; antinuclear antibodies were positive (鈮1:640) in a composite nuclear and nucleolar fine speckled staining pattern, as were anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60, and anti鈥揝cl-70 antibodies. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?

Medical News & Perspectives

COVID-19鈥檚 Crushing Effects on Medical Practices, Some of Which Might Not Survive

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2020;324(4):321-323. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.11254

This Medical News article discusses the financial and logistical impact of COVID-19 on medical practices.

The JAMA Forum

Prescribing Paid Sick Leave鈥擜n Important Tool for Primary Care During the Pandemic

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2020;324(4):324-325. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12209
News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

More Than 1 in 3 US Adults Use Disinfectants Unsafely

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2020;324(4):328. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12600

Dramatic Increase in US Congenital Syphilis Cases

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):328. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.11652
Clinical Trials Update

Telehealth Reduces Excess Weight Gain in Pregnancy

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):327. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.11670

Rivaroxaban Reduces Complications of PAD Revascularization

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):327. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12589

Intervention Improves Kids鈥 Attitudes About Mental Disorders

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):327. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12591

Novel Therapy Eradicates H pylori

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):327. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12592

Wellness Program Failed to Improve Employee Health

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):327. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12593
Health Agencies Update

Better HHS Planning Needed for National Disaster Medical System

Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. 2020;324(4):326. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.11957

Higher Rate of Opioid-Related Stays in Urban Than Rural Hospitals

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):326. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12645

NIH Launches Platform to Serve as Depository for COVID-19 Medical Data

Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. 2020;324(4):326. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12646
The Arts and Medicine

Rereading Arrowsmith in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2020;324(4):319-320. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.11489

This Arts and Medicine feature discusses the ongoing relevance of Sinclair Lewis鈥 1925 novel Arrowsmith to unresolved questions of research, treatment, prevention, and mitigation of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.

Poetry and Medicine

Lullaby

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):401. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5266
JAMA Revisited

鈥淧seudodoxia Pediatrica鈥

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):402. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.13543
JAMA Patient Page

The Trauma Scene

Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. 2020;324(4):406. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2580

This JAMA Patient Page reviews some of the actions bytanders, first responders, and medical personnel can take at the scene of a trauma (eg, car crash, gunshot, drowning) to stabilize a patient for transportation to a trauma center hospital.

Comment & Response

Pathogenic Variants in Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes in Older Women

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):397. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.7986

Pathogenic Variants in Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes in Older Women鈥擱eply

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):397-398. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.7999

Drug Prices, Rebates, and Discounts

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):398-399. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.7989

Drug Prices, Rebates, and Discounts

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):399. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.7983

Drug Prices, Rebates, and Discounts鈥擱eply

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2020;324(4):399-400. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.7996
Correction

Figure Error

Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. 2020;324(4):400. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12541
JAMA Masthead

JAMA

Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. 2020;324(4):317-318. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.13536
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