June 11, 2019 Issue of JAMA

June 11, 2019, Vol 321, No. 22, Pages 2143-2252

This Week in JAMA

Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2019;321(22):2143-2145. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.15366

Podcast: Effect of Pressure Support vs T-Piece Weaning Strategies on Extubation, RBC Transfusion Mortality By Donor Sex and Pregnancy, USPSTF HIV PrEP Guidelines, and more

Original Investigation

Caring for the Critically Ill Patient

Effect of Pressure Support vs T-Piece Ventilation Strategies During Spontaneous Breathing Trials on Successful Extubation Among Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Carles Subirà, MD; Gonzalo Hernández, MD, PhD; Antònia Vázquez, MD, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2019;321(22):2175-2182. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.7234

This randomized trial compares the effect of 30-minute pressure support vs 2-hour T-piece ventilation strategies in spontaneous breathing trials on rate of successful extubation among patients who had been receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 24 hours.

Editorial
Revisiting, Reframing, and Casting a New Light on Liberation From Mechanical Ventilation
Timothy D. Girard, MD, MSCI; Karen E. A. Burns, MD, FRCPC, MSc

JAMA

Association of Blood Donor Sex and Prior Pregnancy With Mortality Among Red Blood Cell Transfusion Recipients

Gustaf Edgren, MD, PhD; Edward L. Murphy, MD, MPH; Don J. Brambilla, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2019;321(22):2183-2192. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.7084

This study examines the association of blood donor sex or previous pregnancy with mortality of transfusion recipients using data from 3 large databases in the United States and Scandinavia.

Preliminary Communication

Association Between Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Bicuspid vs Tricuspid Aortic Stenosis and Mortality or Stroke

Raj R. Makkar, MD; Sung-Han Yoon, MD; Martin B. Leon, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2019;321(22):2193-2202. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.7108

This registry-based cohort study compared mortality and stroke rates among patients with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic stenosis who had undergone TAVR to determine whether advances in technology and in valve devices improved outcomes for patients with bicuspid aortic anatomy.

Editorial
Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis: Is There a Role for TAVR?
Colin M. Barker, MD; Michael J. Reardon, MD

JAMA

Research Letter

Mortality Due to Aortic Stenosis in the United States, 2008-2017

Graham H. Bevan, MD; David A. Zidar, MD, PhD; Richard A. Josephson, MS, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2019;321(22):2236-2238. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.6292

This study uses US National Center for Health Statistics data to describe trends in mortality due to aortic stenosis between 2008 and 2017, when use of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in older adults was becoming more common.

Editorial
Stroke After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: An Important but Underreported Outcome in Clinical Practice
Steven R. Messé, MD; Gorav Ailawadi, MD

JAMA

Early Adoption of New Supplemental Benefits by Medicare Advantage Plans

David J. Meyers, MPH; Shayla N. M. Durfey, BS; Emily A. Gadbois, PhD, MS, MA; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2019;321(22):2238-2240. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.4709

Following CMS鈥� 2018 expansion of supplemental benefits available to HMO and PPO Medicare Advantage enrollees, this study assesses enrollee adoption by type of benefit (eg, caregiver support, in-home personal care, palliative nursing, and social work) and specific plan characteristics in the first year.

US Preventive Services Task Force

Recommendation Statement

Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

US Preventive Services Task Force

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2019;321(22):2203-2213. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.6390

This 2019 Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends offering preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with effective antiretroviral therapy to persons at high risk of HIV acquisition (A recommendation).

Conversations with Dr Bauchner: Screening for HIV infection and Use of Preexposure Prophylaxis for Prevention of HIV Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statements

Editorial
HIV Screening and Preexposure Prophylaxis Guidelines: Following the Evidence
Hyman Scott, MD; Paul A. Volberding, MD

JAMA
- Conversations with Dr Bauchner: HIV Screening and Preexposure Prophylaxis Guidelines
New USPSTF Guidelines for HIV Screening and Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Straight A鈥檚
Rochelle P. Walensky, MD, MPH; A. David Paltiel, PhD, MBA

JAMA Netw Open
Ending AIDS in the United States鈥擨f Not Now, When?
Diane V. Havlir, MD; Susan P. Buchbinder, MD

JAMA Intern Med

Evidence Report

Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Roger Chou, MD; Christopher Evans, MD, MPH; Adam Hoverman, DO; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2019;321(22):2214-2230. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.2591

This systematic review to support the 2019 US Preventive Services Task Force guideline on preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of HIV infection summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of preexposure antiretroviral therapy in adults without preexisting HIV infection.

Conversations with Dr Bauchner: Screening for HIV infection and Use of Preexposure Prophylaxis for Prevention of HIV Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statements

Editorial
HIV Screening and Preexposure Prophylaxis Guidelines: Following the Evidence
Hyman Scott, MD; Paul A. Volberding, MD

JAMA
- Conversations with Dr Bauchner: HIV Screening and Preexposure Prophylaxis Guidelines
New USPSTF Guidelines for HIV Screening and Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Straight A鈥檚
Rochelle P. Walensky, MD, MPH; A. David Paltiel, PhD, MBA

JAMA Netw Open
Ending AIDS in the United States鈥擨f Not Now, When?
Diane V. Havlir, MD; Susan P. Buchbinder, MD

JAMA Intern Med

Viewpoint

Trust in Health Care

Trust Between Teachers and Learners

David P. Sklar, MD; Graham T. McMahon, MD, MMSc

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2157-2158. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.22130

This Viewpoint discusses the importance of trust between physician teachers and their students and trainees, proposing that the trust learned in early educational experiences is a foundation and model for physicians鈥� career-long trusting relationships with institutions, colleagues, patients, and the public.

Editorial
Trust in Health Care
Howard Bauchner, MD

JAMA
Building Trust in Health Care鈥擶hy, Where, and How
Dhruv Khullar, MD, MPP

JAMA

Trust in Health Care

Why Bolstering Trust in Journalism Could Help Strengthen Trust in Medicine

Vineet M. Arora, MD, MAPP; David Rousseau, MPH; Gary Schwitzer

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2159-2160. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.0636

This Viewpoint discusses how proliferation of health misinformation to the public undermines trust in science and medicine, and proposes ways the medical community and media might work together to make medical professionals better producers and consumers of accurate health information and to make the news media better at story curation and communication of uncertainty.

Editorial
Trust in Health Care
Howard Bauchner, MD

JAMA
Building Trust in Health Care鈥擶hy, Where, and How
Dhruv Khullar, MD, MPP

JAMA

Dual-Physician Households: Strategies for the 21st Century

Lauren Ferrante, MD, MHS; Lona Mody, MD, MSc

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2161-2162. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.4413

This Viewpoint discusses common challenges faced by dual-physician couples and proposes institutional and individual strategies to improve work-life balance.

The Need for Federal Regulation of Marijuana Marketing

John W. Ayers, PhD, MA; Theodore L. Caputi, MPH; Eric C. Leas, PhD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2163-2164. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.4432

This Viewpoint uses the commercial rise of MedMen, a US company that operates licensed cannabis facilities and uses youth-oriented media campaigns to advance unproven health claims for marijuana, to highlight the health risks for young people and to argue for evidence-based regulation of marijuana marketing and sales.

A Piece of My Mind

Reflections on Leadership: Seizing and Embracing Opportunities鈥擧olding up Half the Sky

Barbara J. Stoll, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2165-2166. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.7127

In this narrative medicine essay, a medical school dean talks about the reticence most women feel when considering leadership roles and urges women to work out of their comfort zones, seize diverse opportunities, and step into leadership roles.

Editorial

Revisiting, Reframing, and Casting a New Light on Liberation From Mechanical Ventilation

Timothy D. Girard, MD, MSCI; Karen E. A. Burns, MD, FRCPC, MSc

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2167-2169. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.7364

Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis: Is There a Role for TAVR?

Colin M. Barker, MD; Michael J. Reardon, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2170-2171. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.7078

HIV Screening and Preexposure Prophylaxis Guidelines: Following the Evidence

Hyman Scott, MD; Paul A. Volberding, MD

Abstract Full Text

free access has audio

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2172-2174. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.2590

Conversations with Dr Bauchner: HIV Screening and Preexposure Prophylaxis Guidelines

Editorial
New USPSTF Guidelines for HIV Screening and Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Straight A鈥檚
Rochelle P. Walensky, MD, MPH; A. David Paltiel, PhD, MBA

JAMA Netw Open
Ending AIDS in the United States鈥擨f Not Now, When?
Diane V. Havlir, MD; Susan P. Buchbinder, MD

JAMA Intern Med

JAMA Insights

Clinical Update

Hip Fractures in Older Adults in 2019

Sarah D. Berry, MD, MPH; Douglas P. Kiel, MD, MPH; Cathleen Colón-Emeric, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2231-2232. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.5453

This JAMA Insights Clinical Update reviews approaches to fracture prevention in older adults, including estimating fracture risk and life expectancy, selecting and managing appropriate medications, and understanding nonpharmacologic strategies.

From The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics

Drugs for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2233-2234. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.6077

This Medical Letter review provides a drug table comparing the 6 classes of drugs (bisphosphonates, anti-RANK ligand antibody, parathyroid hormone receptor agonists, selective estrogen receptor modulator, conjugated estrogens/selective estrogen receptor modulator, and calcitonin) used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Medical News & Perspectives

TMAO and Heart Disease: The New Red Meat Risk?

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2149-2151. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.3910

This Medical News article discusses trimethylamine N-oxide, or TMAO, a dietary metabolite that鈥檚 increasingly associated with cardiovascular disease.

Quick Uptakes

For Fat Burning, Interval Training Beats Continuous Exercise

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2151-2152. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.4607

This Medical News article discusses a recent meta-analysis comparing high-intensity interval training, sprint interval training, and moderate-intensity continuous training for fat loss.

The JAMA Forum

The 鈥淐onscience鈥� Rule: How Will It Affect Patients鈥� Access to Health Services?

Lawrence O. Gostin, JD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2019;321(22):2152-2153. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.7656

News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Delaware Kissing Bug

Bridget Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2156. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.6917

Acute Flaccid Myelitis Cluster

Bridget Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2156. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.7349

Biotech Innovations

Synthesizing Speech From Brain Activity

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2155. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.7064

Using Speech Markers to Diagnose PTSD

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2155. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.7550

Safer CAR T-Cell Therapy

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2155. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.7551

JAMA Infographic

Barriers to Care Experienced by Women in the United States

Usha Ranji, MS; Alina Salganicoff, PhD; David Rousseau, MPH; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2019;321(22):2154. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.5271

Poetry and Medicine

cyborg

Precious Chika Musa

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2247. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.2524

JAMA Revisited

Editorials

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2019;321(22):2248. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.15374

JAMA Patient Page

Can HIV Infection Be Prevented With Medication?

Jill Jin, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2019;321(22):2252. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.7149

This JAMA Patient Page describes the US Preventive Services Task Force鈥檚 recent recommendations on prevention of HIV infection with preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP).