June 7, 2016 Issue of JAMA

June 7, 2016, Vol 315, No. 21, Pages 2251-2367

This Week in JAMA

Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(21):2251-2253. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.14292

Podcast: Trends in US adult and child obesity, selecting smokers to screen for lung cancer, screening for syphilis, and more

Original Investigation

Trends in Obesity Among Adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014

Katherine M. Flegal, PhD; Deanna Kruszon-Moran, MS; Margaret D. Carroll, MSPH; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(21):2284-2291. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.6458

This study uses NHANES data through 2013-2014 to update previously reported trends in the prevalence of obesity in US adults.

Podcast: Trends in Obesity Among Adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014

Editorial
The Unrelenting Challenge of Obesity
Jody W. Zylke, MD; Howard Bauchner, MD

JAMA

Trends in Obesity Prevalence Among Children and Adolescents in the United States, 1988-1994 Through 2013-2014

Cynthia L. Ogden, PhD; Margaret D. Carroll, MSPH; Hannah G. Lawman, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(21):2292-2299. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.6361

This study uses National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data through 2013-2014 to update previously reported trends in the prevalence of obesity and extreme obesity in children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years.

Editorial
The Unrelenting Challenge of Obesity
Jody W. Zylke, MD; Howard Bauchner, MD

JAMA

Development and Validation of Risk Models to Select Ever-Smokers for CT Lung Cancer Screening

Hormuzd A. Katki, PhD; Stephanie A. Kovalchik, PhD; Christine D. Berg, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(21):2300-2311. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.6255

This study uses models derived from US Health survey data to compare the effects of risk-based vs recommendation-based computed tomography screening on screen-avertable lung cancer deaths and number needed to screen to prevent 1 lung cancer death over 5 years.

Editorial
Who Should Be Screened for Lung Cancer? And Who Gets to Decide?
Michael K. Gould, MD, MS

JAMA

Association Between a Single General Anesthesia Exposure Before Age 36 Months and Neurocognitive Outcomes in Later Childhood

Lena S. Sun, MD; Guohua Li, MD, DrPH; Tonya L. K. Miller, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(21):2312-2320. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.6967

This cohort study compares childhood IQ scores in siblings with vs without anesthesia exposure before age 3 years.

Research Letter

Trends in Gout and Rheumatoid Arthritis Hospitalizations in the United States, 1993-2011

Sian Yik Lim, MD; Na Lu, MPH; Amar Oza, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(21):2345-2347. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.3517

This population epidemiology study uses Nationwide Inpatient Sample data to describe trends in US hospitalizations for gout and rheumatoid arthritis between 1993 and 2011.

US Preventive Services Task Force

Recommendation Statement

Screening for Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(21):2321-2327. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.5824

This Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for syphilis infection in people at increased risk for infection, including men who have sex with men and persons living with HIV.

Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Syphilis Infection
Podcast: Management of Syphilis in 2018

Editorial
Syphilis on the Rise: What Went Wrong?
Meredith E. Clement, MD; Charles B. Hicks, MD

JAMA
- Podcast: Management of Syphilis in 2018
Syphilis Screening in the 21st Century: New Recommendations for an Old Disease
Kenneth A. Katz, MD, MSc, MSCE

JAMA Dermatol
Syphilis Screening Recommendation in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: Still Waters Run Deep
Katherine K. Hsu, MD, MPH; Gale R. Burstein, MD, MPH

JAMA Pediatr

Evidence Report

Screening for Syphilis: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Amy G. Cantor, MD, MPH; Miranda Pappas, MA; Monica Daeges, BA; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(21):2328-2337. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.4114

This systematic review to support the 2016 update of the US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on screening for syphilis summarizes published evidence about the effectiveness of routine screening, accuracy of screening tests and strategies, and potential screening harms.

Editorial
Syphilis on the Rise: What Went Wrong?
Meredith E. Clement, MD; Charles B. Hicks, MD

JAMA
- Podcast: Management of Syphilis in 2018

Viewpoint

Lifespan Weighed Down by Diet

David S. Ludwig, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(21):2269-2270. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.3829

This Viewpoint discusses the possibility that declines in life expectancy from obesity-related chronic disease could reverse decades-long improvements in mortality trends, and proposes clinical and policy responses.

Editorial
The Unrelenting Challenge of Obesity
Jody W. Zylke, MD; Howard Bauchner, MD

JAMA

Specialty-Based Global Payment: A New Phase in Payment Reform

Zirui Song, MD, PhD; Carrie H. Colla, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(21):2271-2272. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.4318

This Viewpoint discusses Medicare鈥檚 new Oncology Care Model and how it may serve as a model for specialty-based global payment.

The Potential for Postrandomization Confounding in Randomized Clinical Trials

JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH; Chrisandra L. Shufelt, MD; James M. Robins, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(21):2273-2274. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.3676

In this Viewpoint, JoAnn Manson and colleagues discuss the risk of postrandomization 鈥渃onfounding,鈥� a bias that can be introduced in long-duration trials of sustained interventions, using statin initiation after randomization in Women鈥檚 Health Initiative trials as an example.

A Piece of My Mind

You鈥檝e Got Mail

Ellen M. Friedman, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(21):2275-2276. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1757

Editorial

The Unrelenting Challenge of Obesity

Jody W. Zylke, MD; Howard Bauchner, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(21):2277-2278. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.6190

Who Should Be Screened for Lung Cancer? And Who Gets to Decide?

Michael K. Gould, MD, MS

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(21):2279-2281. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.5986

Syphilis on the Rise: What Went Wrong?

Meredith E. Clement, MD; Charles B. Hicks, MD

Abstract Full Text

has audio

JAMA. 2016;315(21):2281-2283. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.7073

Podcast: Management of Syphilis in 2018

From the 糖心vlog

Minimal Physical Health Risk Associated With Long-term Cannabis Use鈥擝ut Buyer Beware

Kevin P. Hill, MD, MHS; Roger D. Weiss, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(21):2338-2339. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.5181

This commentary discusses a cohort study published in JAMA Psychiatry that investigated associations between cannabis use over 20 years and physical health problems in midlife.

JAMA Clinical Evidence Synopsis

Treatment of Fatigue in Parkinson Disease

Roy G. Elbers, PhD; Henk W. Berendse, MD, PhD; Gert Kwakkel, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(21):2340-2341. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.5260

This Clinical Evidence Synopsis summarizes a Cochrane review on the efficacy of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for patients with Parkinson disease experiencing fatigue.

Medical News & Perspectives

In Infants With Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Gut Dysbiosis Precedes Disease

Julie A. Jacob, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(21):2264-2265. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.4341

This Medical News feature explores the association between dysbiosis in a preterm infant鈥檚 gut microbiome and the subsequent development of necrotizing enterocolitis.

News From the Food and Drug Administration