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This long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial compares hiatal hernia recurrence 13 years after closure of hiatal hernia with crural sutures alone vs nonabsorbable mesh for patients undergoing antireflux surgery.

This randomized clinical trial investigates the effectiveness of laser epilation as an adjunct to standard care compared with standard care alone in reducing pilonidal disease recurrence.

This cohort study assesses whether there are differences in adverse outcomes between pregnant patients with acute cholecystitis who do or do not receive cholecystectomy.

This cross-sectional study uses Medicare service and payment data to identify and quantify disparity by gender among neurosurgeons serving the fee-for-service population.

This qualitative study examines surgeons’ perspectives on external barriers and facilitators of clinical practice development, with a focus on gender differences.

This cohort study examines long-term outcomes of radiofrequency ablation for T1N0M0 papillary thyroid cancer and the risk factors associated with local tumor progression.

This cohort study uses kidney donor information from the United Network for Organ Sharing to investigate if machine learning and natural language processes can predict donors with kidneys that are not used for organ transplant.

This cross-sectional study uses the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database to assess which social determinants of health are associated with high amputation rates in the most populous US counties.

This study assesses the ability of a comprehensive system of safety checklist reimplementation to change behavior, enhance safety culture, and improve outcomes for surgical patients.

This cross-sectional study evaluates the demographic accuracy of surgeon representations generated by 3 artificial intelligence text-to-image models compared to real-world attending surgeons and trainees.