ÌÇÐÄvlog

McCormick and colleagues report the findings of a study that examined the impact of the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP) on the younger siblings of low-birth-weight infants who had been the focus of the intervention. In an accompanying editorial, Olds discusses the challenge of transforming insights into evidence-based preventive interventions that promote children’s development.

Bromiker et al determine whether correction of anemia of prematurity (AOP) by packed red blood cell transfusion improves sucking in neonates.

Mody and coauthors describe pathogens identified through routine clinical practice and factors associated with identifying Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli infection in patients with postdiarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Kacker and coworkers used Markov-based Monte Carlo simulation tracking men and women during their lifetimes and 1-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis to evaluate lifetime direct medical cost and prevalence of male circumcision– reduced infections.

Verlinden and coworkers recorded television viewing time, content, and patterns of exposure (at 24 and 36 months) in a population-based sample of 3913 children with and without preexisting problems to assess the incidence and persistence of externalizing problems.

In an observational, cross-sectional study, Brown and coauthors estimate the prevalence of positive screens for social-emotional problems among preschoolaged children in a low-income clinical population and explore the family context and receptivity to referrals to help guide development of interventions.

The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is largely explained by physical inactivity. Gao and Podlog measure the effects of different levels of goal specificity and difficulty on Latino children’s performance and activity levels in an after-school dance program.

To test whether pay for performance is an effective method to improve adolescent substance use disorder treatment implementation and efficacy, Garner et al assigned 29 community-based treatment organizations to an implementation-asusual control condition or a pay-for-performance experimental condition. See editorial by Chien.

Stearns and colleagues estimated the cost-effectiveness of a medical office–based preventive oral health program in North Carolina called Into the Mouths of Babes. A total of 209 285 children enrolled in Medicaid at age 6 months were involved in the study. Paul Casamassimo, DDS, MS, provides commentary in an accompanying editorial.