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This book contains a collection of papers presented at a NATO symposium on biofeedback that was held in 1976 at the Max Planck Institute für Psychiatrie in Munich, Germany. There is a broad sampling of the research activity being carried out in the world's leading biofeedback laboratories. Most of the papers are presented within a psychological-clinical framework in accordance with the history of this field. The issues receiving most attention are as follows: the effectiveness of biofeedback procedures in modifying psychophysiological systems and psychophysiologic states such as anxiety, arousal, relaxation, and vigilance; differentiation between the specific and nonspecific consequences of successful biofeedback training; analysis of component aspects of biofeedback procedures with regard to outcome, eg, the effect of the setting conditions and method of providing the physiologic feedback; and discussions of the applicability of various learning theory models to biofeedback results. The response systems discussed include electromyography, electroencephalography, blood