Molecular medicine offers promise for the prevention of vision loss caused by ocular neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy and exudative age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). During the past decade, significant advances have been made in angiogenesis research, such that the understanding about new vessel formation in disease has increased considerably. This knowledge has led to the development of numerous inhibitors of angiogenesis. Among a host of novel therapeutics for ocular neovascularization, 2 inhibitors of the angiogenic agent vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)鈥攑egaptanib sodium and ranibizumab鈥攁re poised for imminent clinical application. However, the need for repeated intraocular injection of these agents and the potential for local and systemic adverse effects may pose hurdles for these emerging therapies.