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This Viewpoint addresses the high rate of incorrect ophthalmological diagnoses and harm experienced by patients and examines causes.

This case report describes an HIV-positive patient with bilateral syphilitic panuveitis, for whom diagnosis was initially delayed by negative treponemal testing.

A 20-year-old Chinese woman was experiencing fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting, and neck stiffness for 2 weeks. Further examination revealed inflammation, vitritis and cystoid macular edema, tortuous dilatation of retinal venous vessels with fluorescence leakage, and hyperfluorescence in the optic disc. What would you do next?

This cohort study assesses the association between variability in blood pressure and visual field progression in patients with suspected or confirmed glaucoma.

This cross-sectional study investigates how published polygenic risk scores for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) perform in groups with African ancestry compared with European ancestry.

A 46-year-old woman is referred for a second opinion with recent onset of suspected seizures and imbalance. Fundus examination revealed bilateral discrete perifoveal circular areas of atrophy. What would you do next?

This study investigates the genetic detection rates of wide-panel testing in Black and non-Hispanic White patients with IRDs.

This post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial evaluates the use of a primary open-angle glaucoma polygenic risk score in identifying individuals with ocular hypertensive at low risk of disease onset.

This diagnostic study investigates the predictive accuracy of the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) calculator score 4 and 5 in guiding initiation of antitubercular therapy in patients with clinically suspicious tubercular uveitis.

This economic evaluation study estimates the economic burden of late-stage age-related macular degeneration in 3 countries.

A 17-year-old male with an unremarkable medical history presented with 2 days of painless blurred vision in the right eye. Three weeks prior, he was admitted with fever, myalgias, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and truncal rash. What would you do next?

This cohort study examines patient data from January 2019 to December 2023 to evaluate national trends in the use of artificial intelligence–based screenings to detect diabetic retinopathy among patients with types 1 or 2 diabetes.

This cohort study investigates the outcomes of patients with and without age-related macular degeneration (AMD) who were taking curcuma-based nutritional supplements.