In this issue of JAMA, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) presents a Recommendation Statement1 and an accompanying Evidence Review2 on screening for unhealthy drug use. “Unhealthy drug use” refers to drugs that are illegal or medications not used for medical purposes, including cannabis, but not including alcohol, nicotine, or tobacco. Unlike alcohol screening, drug screening approaches aim to capture any drug use and are not restricted to a specific substance; they capture the full spectrum of unhealthy use, from any use through a drug use disorder.