Boosters outpace new vaccinations in the US. Expert says unvaccinated could bring 'future waves'

ERA:IK MORE THAN 40000,0 AMERICANS RECEIVED BOOSTER SHOTS AGAINST COVID-19 LAST WEEKEND. HERE TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS IS DR. HELEN BOUCHER, THE INTERIM DEAN OF TUFTS MEDICAL HOSCOL AND AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE SPECIALIST AT TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER. NICE TO SEE YOU. THEN: -- BEN: THESE BOOSTER SHS OTHAVE ONLY BEEN AVAILABLE FOR A FEW DAYS. WE KNOW A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO GOT PFIZER AT LEAST SIX MONTHS AGO ARE NOW ELIGIBLEO TGET THEM, BUT AS A DOCTOR,HA WT TYPE OF PATIENT ARE YOU URGING TO GET ONE? >> I THINK THE MOST IMPORTANT GROUP I THOSE AMONG US WHO ARE MOST VULNERABLE. THOSE ARE OUR IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS, PEOPLE WHO HAVE MAYBE HAD AN ORGAN TRANSPLANT OVER HAD CHEMO AND THE ELDERLY. ERIKA: WHAT ARE YOU LEARNING ABOUT SIDE EFFECTS AFTER THE THIRD SHOT? SOME ARE FEELING CRUMMY, OTHSER DON’T FEEL ANYTHING. SHOULD PEOPLE BE PLANNING TO STAY HOME THE NEXT DAY? >> THE DATA WE HAVE ARE THAT THE SIDE EFFECTS AFTER THE THIRD DOSE ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE SEEN AFTER THE SECOND DOSE. FOR SOME PEOPLE, IT FLEW-LIKE FEELING, A SORE ARM, BUT BY AND LARGE, MILD, GO AWAY WITHIAN DAY, AND MOST FOLKS, NO NEED TO STAY AWAY FROM WORK. N:BE A NEW NATIONAL SURVEY FOUND, 75% OF PEOPLE WHO ARE NOT VACCINATED BELIEVE BOOSTER SHOTS ARE PROOF THAT THE VACCINES DON’T WO.RK HOW DO YOU RESPOND TO TH?AT >>T I IS REALLY UNFORTUNATE. WE HAVE OVERWHELMING DATA NOW THAT VACCINES WORK. WHEN WE LOOK AT PEOPLE WHO GET SICK, PEOPLE WHO COME TO THE HOSPITALOR F THOSE REALLY UNFORTUNATE PEOPLE WHO DIE, WE KNOW THAT VACCINES PROTECT THEM. WE’RE FORTUNATE HERE IN MASSACHUSETTS,E W ARE FORTUNATE THAT WE HAVE NOT SEEN THE PAIN THAT OUR FRIENDS AND COLLEAGUES IN TENNESSEE AND IDAHO AND MANY OTHER STATES ARE EXPERIENCING NOW. WE HAVE VOLUMES OF EVIDENCE THAT VACCINES WORK, AND THE MOST IMPORTANT THINK IFOU Y HAVE NOT BEEN VACCINATED IS TO GET OUT AND GET THAT VACCINATION. ERA:IK SOME WHO HAVE RECEIVED TWO DOSES OF PFIZER MAY DECIDE NOT TO GET THE THIRD. WOULD YOU STILL CONSIDER THEM FULLY VACCINATED AGAINST COVID? >> IT IS A VERY IMPORTANT POINT. ABSOLUTELYIF, YOU HAVE HAD TWO DOSES OF PFIZER OR MODERNA FOR WINDOWS OF THE JOHNSON & JOHNSON,OU Y ARE FULLY VACCINATED, AND WE HAVE DATA THAT YOU ARE STILL PROTECTED AGAITNS SERIOUS ILLNESS AND DEATH. THE QUESTION OF HOW LONG THAT PROTECTION LAST IS ONE THAT WE ARE ANSWERING. WE ARE CONTINUING TO FOLLOW THE TADA CLOSELY AND WILL CONTINUE TO LOOK FOR UPDATES FROM THOSE COMPANIES AND THE CDC AND FDA AS TIME GOES ALONG.

The U.S. is making headway in its battle against COVID-19 — with infection and hospitalization rates on the decline after a surge fueled by the relentless delta variant. But with the number of Americans getting booster shots surpassing those who are initiating vaccination, experts warn more is needed to continue the progress.Coronavirus cases and hospitalizations have both declined by more than 10% from last week, according to data from Johns Hopkins University and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, respectively.Just over 56% of the total U.S. population is fully vaccinated, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."This wave is receding, but unless we get the nearly 70 million unvaccinated Americans vaccinated, we are at risk for future waves," Dr. Tom Frieden, the former head of the CDC, told CNN Wednesday.An average of 384,963 booster vaccine doses are being given daily, while roughly 281,303 people are getting their first dose every day and about 292,927 people are becoming fully vaccinated each day, according to Wednesday's CDC data.In New Mexico, more people are getting vaccinated, but it's not happening quickly enough to bring down COVID-19 cases, according to Dr. David Scrase, the acting health director at the state's health department."Our delta curve went up pretty steeply, and it's not coming down," Scrase said. "In fact, it's plateaued."Scrase explained he's concerned health care workers are getting exhausted."In the northwest (region of New Mexico) ... the hospitals are really, really, really overwhelmed," Scrase said. "I've just talked to too many people that say as soon as this curve comes down, they're stepping back from their whole health care career. They just can't do it anymore."And with winter fast approaching, experts are reinforcing the importance of getting vaccinated against both COVID-19 and the flu because they pose a double threat to an already strained health care system.Vaccine mandates are no different than smoking restrictions, top health official saysOne way officials are aiming to up vaccination numbers is through mandates, but some are strongly opposed to governments and businesses requiring inoculation.On Wednesday, U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy likened vaccine mandates to speed limits or restrictions on public smoking, adding that the requirement is fundamental to public health."In the 1800s, many public schools began to require vaccination for their students. During World War II, the U.S. military required their troops to be vaccinated against a number of diseases, including typhoid, tetanus and yellow fever," Murthy said. "Vaccine requirements are part of our historical effort to protect the public's health."Murthy's comments came the same day the Los Angeles City Council voted to require patrons at indoor spaces such as restaurants, gyms and movie theaters to show proof of full COVID-19 vaccination starting Nov. 4. The ordinance will also apply to personal care establishments such as spas and hair salons, as well as city buildings.While the measure doesn't go into effect until next month, businesses must display advisory notice of the requirement by Oct. 21. Individuals with medical or religious exemptions must provide a form declaring that. People who do not meet those requirements can use the outdoor spaces of a business and will be allowed in the covered spaces to use restrooms or pick up takeout orders.On the business side, American Airlines is requiring its employees to be fully vaccinated by Nov. 24 or risk losing their job."To be clear, if you fail to comply with the requirement, the result will be termination from the company," an airline-wide update obtained by CNN said.On Monday, Southwest Airlines said it would comply with the federal vaccine mandate, making Delta the last of the "big four" major airlines to not implement a mandate.United Airlines issued its own employee vaccine mandate, which went into effect last week.Immunity from Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine wanes, studies showThe immune protection offered by two doses of Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine drops off after two months or so, although protection against severe disease, hospitalization and death remains strong, according to two real-world studies published Wednesday.The studies — from Israel and Qatar and published in the New England Journal of Medicine — support arguments that even fully vaccinated people need to maintain precautions against infection.One study from Israel showed antibody levels wane rapidly after two doses of vaccine "especially among men, among persons 65 years of age or older, and among persons with immunosuppression."The study also indicated that immunity for people who get vaccinated after natural COVID-19 infection lasts longer. It's especially strong for people who recovered from infection and then got vaccinated, the study found.A second study from Qatar looked at actual infections among the highly vaccinated population of that small Gulf nation. People there mostly got Pfizer/BioNTech's vaccine.The study found protection induced by the Pfizer vaccine "builds rapidly after the first dose, peaks in the first month after the second dose, and then gradually wanes in subsequent months," the research team wrote. "The waning appears to accelerate after the fourth month, to reach a low level of approximately 20% in subsequent months," they added.Nonetheless, protection against hospitalization and death stayed at above 90%, researchers said.The Pfizer vaccine is authorized by the FDA for use as a booster for people 65 and older, people at high risk of severe disease and people whose jobs put them at risk of infection.Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, continued to tout the importance of vaccination Wednesday, and cautioned those hoping a promising but unapproved antiviral pill will eliminate the need for inoculation.The drug, called Molnupiravir, was developed by Merck and Ridgeback Biotherapeutics. The companies said last week that the pill could potentially cut in half the risk of death from COVID-19, but Fauci said it needs more scrutiny before it can be considered for authorization."It is very important that this now must go through the usual process of careful examination of the data by the Food and Drug Administration both for effectiveness, but also for safety, because whenever you introduce a new compounds, safety is very important," Fauci said.He also noted, it's more important to prevent disease than to treat it. "Vaccines — they remain our best tools against COVID-19, because it is much, much better to prevent ourselves from getting infected than having to treat an infection."

Coronavirus cases and hospitalizations have both declined by more than 10% from last week, according to data from Johns Hopkins University and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, respectively.

Just over 56% of the total U.S. population is fully vaccinated, according to the .

"This wave is receding, but unless we get the nearly 70 million unvaccinated Americans vaccinated, we are at risk for future waves," Dr. Tom Frieden, the former head of the CDC, told CNN Wednesday.

An average of 384,963 booster vaccine doses are being given daily, while roughly 281,303 people are getting their first dose every day and about 292,927 people are becoming fully vaccinated each day, according to Wednesday's .

In New Mexico, more people are getting vaccinated, but it's not happening quickly enough to bring down COVID-19 cases, according to Dr. David Scrase, the acting health director at the state's health department.

"Our delta curve went up pretty steeply, and it's not coming down," Scrase said. "In fact, it's plateaued."

Scrase explained he's concerned health care workers are getting exhausted.

"In the northwest (region of New Mexico) ... the hospitals are really, really, really overwhelmed," Scrase said. "I've just talked to too many people that say as soon as this curve comes down, they're stepping back from their whole health care career. They just can't do it anymore."

And with winter fast approaching, experts are reinforcing the importance of getting vaccinated against both COVID-19 and the flu because they pose a to an already strained health care system.

Vaccine mandates are no different than smoking restrictions, top health official says

One way officials are aiming to up vaccination numbers is through mandates, but some are strongly opposed to governments and businesses requiring inoculation.

On Wednesday, U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy likened vaccine mandates to speed limits or restrictions on public smoking, adding that the requirement is fundamental to public health.

"In the 1800s, many public schools began to require vaccination for their students. During World War II, the U.S. military required their troops to be vaccinated against a number of diseases, including typhoid, tetanus and yellow fever," Murthy said. "Vaccine requirements are part of our historical effort to protect the public's health."

Murthy's comments came the same day the Los Angeles City Council voted to require patrons at indoor spaces such as restaurants, gyms and movie theaters to show proof of full COVID-19 vaccination starting Nov. 4. The ordinance will also apply to personal care establishments such as spas and hair salons, as well as city buildings.

While the measure doesn't go into effect until next month, businesses must display advisory notice of the requirement by Oct. 21. Individuals with medical or religious exemptions must provide a form declaring that. People who do not meet those requirements can use the outdoor spaces of a business and will be allowed in the covered spaces to use restrooms or pick up takeout orders.

On the business side, American Airlines is requiring its employees to be fully vaccinated by Nov. 24 or risk losing their job.

"To be clear, if you fail to comply with the requirement, the result will be termination from the company," an airline-wide update obtained by CNN said.

On Monday, Southwest Airlines said it would comply with the federal vaccine mandate, making Delta the last of the "big four" major airlines to not implement a mandate.

United Airlines issued its own employee vaccine mandate, which went into effect last week.

Immunity from Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine wanes, studies show

The immune protection offered by two doses of Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine drops off after two months or so, although protection against severe disease, hospitalization and death remains strong, according to two real-world studies published Wednesday.

The studies — from Israel and Qatar and published in the New England Journal of Medicine — support arguments that even fully vaccinated people need to maintain precautions against infection.

showed antibody levels wane rapidly after two doses of vaccine "especially among men, among persons 65 years of age or older, and among persons with immunosuppression."

The study also indicated that immunity for people who get vaccinated after natural COVID-19 infection lasts longer. It's especially strong for people who recovered from infection and then got vaccinated, the study found.

A looked at actual infections among the highly vaccinated population of that small Gulf nation. People there mostly got Pfizer/BioNTech's vaccine.

The study found protection induced by the Pfizer vaccine "builds rapidly after the first dose, peaks in the first month after the second dose, and then gradually wanes in subsequent months," the research team wrote. "The waning appears to accelerate after the fourth month, to reach a low level of approximately 20% in subsequent months," they added.

Nonetheless, protection against hospitalization and death stayed at above 90%, researchers said.

The is authorized by the FDA for use as a booster for people 65 and older, people at high risk of severe disease and people whose jobs put them at risk of infection.

Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, continued to tout the importance of vaccination Wednesday, and cautioned those hoping a promising but unapproved antiviral pill will eliminate the need for inoculation.

The drug, called Molnupiravir, was developed by Merck and Ridgeback Biotherapeutics. The companies said last week that the pill could potentially cut in half the risk of death from COVID-19, but Fauci said it needs more scrutiny before it can be considered for authorization.

"It is very important that this now must go through the usual process of careful examination of the data by the Food and Drug Administration both for effectiveness, but also for safety, because whenever you introduce a new compounds, safety is very important," Fauci said.

He also noted, it's more important to prevent disease than to treat it. "Vaccines — they remain our best tools against COVID-19, because it is much, much better to prevent ourselves from getting infected than having to treat an infection."

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