Choosing outcome parameters is essential for success of any clinical trial. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has put forth a framework of 6 parameters that define health care quality: safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, equitable.¹ Safety and effectiveness are primary goals and will be discussed in other articles in this series. Here, we discuss adjunct outcome parameters that optimize patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable components (Box). We also discuss novel data collection methods, including web- and app-based data collection and data from wearables. Secondary outcome parameters allow interventions with similar primary end points (survival or functional outcome) to be distinguished in value. The parameters discussed also provide mechanistic analysis and finding inclusion criteria for future trials that decrease sample size and increase likelihood of success.