A 2-FOLD higher risk for depression among women compared with men has been consistently documented worldwide.^1-5 The epidemiological findings that the sex differences are manifested during reproductive age and actually disappear during the menopausal stage⁴ suggest an important involvement of reproduction-related processes, especially the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in the pathobiology of depression in women. The focus of the search for the culprit has been on peripheral levels of the gonadal hormones—especially estrogen. A more comprehensive approach includes plasma levels of the pituitary hormones follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone and their pulsatility, reflecting the hypothalamus' effect on the system and indicating the system's integrity.