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In midsummer 1987 the Archives received the voluminous National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) report of investigations of multiple studies reported by Stephen Breuning, PhD, and, in effect, a request to elicit a retraction. The body of Breuning's work entails various inquiries on behavioral reinforcements and the effects and side effects of stimulant and neuroleptic drugs in mentally retarded populations with measures of their intellectual and behavioral performance.The particular article in question for the Archives is "Effects of Thioridazine on the Intellectual Performance of Mentally Retarded Drug Responders and Nonresponders."1 The article reported an intricate design to assess behavioral response to drug; both drug responders and nonresponders showed improvement on a single measure of intellectual performance only when "reinforced" and not receiving drug. It was concluded that research with more extensive measures of intellectual performance would be required.In autumn 1987, the Administrator of the Alcohol, Drug