In most clinical circumstances, health care consumers in the US cannot determine their out-of-pocket expenses until after their care is delivered. Cost uncertainty and concerns about paying for care lead to many negative consequences, including forgoing high-value services and incurring medical debt.1 Difficulty predicting and affording health care is an increasing and pervasive problem and is no longer limited to those with strained financial resources.2,3 Most important, the clinical and economic impact of unpredictable out-of-pocket costs disproportionately affects individuals with low incomes, thereby exacerbating health inequities.4