An 87-year-old man with nonischemic cardiomyopathy, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), and stage IV renal cell carcinoma presented to the emergency department with fever. On arrival, his temperature was 103 掳F, his heart rate 120 beats per minute, and his blood pressure 80/56 mm Hg. His laboratory results were notable for a white blood cell count of 16鈥�000/渭L (to convert to 脳109/L, multiply by 0.001) and urinalysis showing leukocyte esterase, nitrites, and bacteria. His condition initially improved with volume resuscitation and treatment with ceftriaxone and was admitted with sepsis presumed secondary to a urinary source. On admission, the patient reported that he had previously signed an out-of-hospital do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order and that he wanted to continue his DNR status while hospitalized.