November 8, 2022 Issue of JAMA

November 8, 2022, Vol 328, No. 18, Pages 1793-1879

This Week in JAMA

Audio Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;328(18):e2117204. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.17204

Podcast: Oxygen Saturation Targets After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Mental Health Outcomes Following Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Preoperative Hemodialysis Timing, and more

Original Investigation

Effect of Lower vs Higher Oxygen Saturation Targets on Survival to Hospital Discharge Among Patients Resuscitated After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: The EXACT Randomized Clinical Trial

Stephen A. Bernard, MD; Janet E. Bray, PhD; Karen Smith, PhD; et al.

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JAMA. 2022;328(18):1818-1826. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.17701

This study examines whether reducing oxygen fraction following resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest improves survival at hospital discharge.

Editorial
Early Oxygen Supplementation After Resuscitation From Cardiac Arrest
Jonathan Elmer, MD, MS; Francis X. Guyette, MD, MPH, MS

JAMA

Caring for the Critically Ill Patient

Association of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation With New Mental Health Diagnoses in Adult Survivors of Critical Illness

Shannon M. Fernando, MD, MSc; Mary Scott, MSc; Robert Talarico, MSc; et al.

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JAMA. 2022;328(18):1827-1836. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.17714

This cohort study investigates the association between extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivorship and postdischarge mental health diagnoses among adult survivors of critical illness.

Editorial
Mental Health Outcomes Following Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Survivors of Critical Illness
Marieke Zegers, PhD; Mark van den Boogaard, RN, PhD; J. G. (Hans) van der Hoeven, MD, PhD

JAMA

Association Between Preoperative Hemodialysis Timing and Postoperative Mortality in Patients With End-stage Kidney Disease

Vikram Fielding-Singh, MD, JD; Matthew W. Vanneman, MD; Tristan Grogan, MS; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;328(18):1837-1848. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.19626

This retrospective cohort study assesses whether a longer interval between hemodialysis and subsequent surgery is associated with higher postoperative mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease treated with hemodialysis.

Editorial
Optimal Timing of Hemodialysis Before Surgery
Anthony J. Bleyer, MD, MS

JAMA

Research Letter

Trends in Urinary Biomarkers of Exposure to Nicotine and Carcinogens Among Adult e-Cigarette Vapers vs Cigarette Smokers in the US, 2013-2019

Hongying Daisy Dai, PhD; Adam M. Leventhal, PhD; Ali S. Khan, MD, MPH

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JAMA. 2022;328(18):1864-1866. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.14847

This study assesses temporal trends of biomarkers among adult nicotine and nonnicotine e-cigarette users and cigarette smokers.

Trends in the Association Between Diabetes and Cardiovascular Events, 1994-2019

Calvin Ke, MD, PhD; Lorraine L. Lipscombe, MD, MSc; Alanna Weisman, MD, PhD; et al.

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JAMA. 2022;328(18):1866-1869. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.14914

This study uses administrative health care data from Ontario, Canada, to assess whether changes in diabetes management practices have affected trends in the association between diabetes vs prior cardiovascular disease and risk of cardiovascular events from 1994 to 2019 among adults aged 20 to 84 years.

Viewpoint

Addressing Gaps in Research to Reduce Disparities and Advance Health Equity: The USPSTF Incorporation of the NASEM Taxonomy on Closing Evidence Gaps in Clinical Prevention

Carol M. Mangione, MD, MSPH; Wanda Nicholson, MD, MPH; Karina W. Davidson, PhD, MASc

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;328(18):1803-1804. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.19154

This Viewpoint reviews the evidence gaps reported to Congress by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) in 2021 on improving health inequities in prevention and uses the 3 taxonomies provided by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) to classify these gaps.

Hospital Rankings and Health Equity

Tavia Binger, MSPH; Harold Chen, BA; Ben Harder, BA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;328(18):1805-1806. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.19001

This Viewpoint examines US News & World Report鈥檚 approach to evaluating and publicly reporting hospital performance in various aspects of health equity as well as describes several novel equity measures published as part of its 鈥淏est Hospitals鈥� rankings program.

Reforming the World Health Organization鈥檚 Essential Medicines List: Essential but Unaffordable

Thomas J. Hwang, MD; Aaron S. Kesselheim, MD, JD, MPH; Kerstin N. Vokinger, MD, JD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;328(18):1807-1808. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.19459

This Viewpoint proposes restructuring the WHO Essential Medicines List to remove consideration of cost and cost-effectiveness from the expert committee reviews of clinical effectiveness, safety, and public health value, and chartering a new framework for pooled global negotiation and procurement of costly medicines included in the list.

A Piece of My Mind

The Value of a Gut Punch

Kyle E. Karches, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;328(18):1809-1810. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.19627

From the stinging words of disappointment from his attending physician, an internal medicine physician in this narrative medicine essay tells how that moment of bare truth altered him and suggests that medical students may fare better from blunt but kind corrective conversations.

Editorial

Early Oxygen Supplementation After Resuscitation From Cardiac Arrest

Jonathan Elmer, MD, MS; Francis X. Guyette, MD, MPH, MS

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;328(18):1811-1813. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.18620

Mental Health Outcomes Following Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Survivors of Critical Illness

Marieke Zegers, PhD; Mark van den Boogaard, RN, PhD; J. G. (Hans) van der Hoeven, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;328(18):1814-1815. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.18621

Optimal Timing of Hemodialysis Before Surgery

Anthony J. Bleyer, MD, MS

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;328(18):1816-1817. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.19442

Review

Treatment of Hypertension: A Review

Robert M. Carey, MD; Andrew E. Moran, MD; Paul K. Whelton, MB, MD, MSc

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JAMA. 2022;328(18):1849-1861. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.19590

This Review of hypertension treatment discusses first-line strategies to control blood pressure, including lifestyle modification, and therapies such as thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARB blockers, and calcium channel blockers.

Podcast: Treatment of Hypertension in 2022

JAMA Insights

Clinical Update

Diagnosis and Management of Hereditary Hemochromatosis

Elizabeth Cabrera, MD; Gonzalo Crespo, MD; Lisa B. VanWagner, MD, MSc

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JAMA. 2022;328(18):1862-1863. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.17727

This JAMA Insights Clinical Review discusses the diagnosis and management of hereditary hemochromatosis, including clinical and laboratory characteristics, gene testing and interpretation, and the role of imaging and liver biopsy.

Medical News & Perspectives

EPA Takes Action Against Harmful 鈥淔orever Chemicals鈥� in the US Water Supply

Melissa Suran, PhD, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;328(18):1795-1797. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.12678

This Medical News article discusses new EPA advisories for a class of synthetic chemical compounds known as PFAS, which are ubiquitous in the environment and in humans, as well as new National Academies guidance on expanded testing for exposure.

News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention