April 26, 2022 Issue of JAMA

April 26, 2022, Vol 327, No. 16, Pages 1527-1624

This Week in JAMA

Audio Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):e2116943. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.16943

Podcast: Respiratory Support in Critically Ill Children, Smoking in Adults With Major Depression or Substance Use Disorders, USPSTF Recommendation on Aspirin to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease, and more

Original Investigation

Caring for the Critically Ill Patient

Effect of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy vs Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Following Extubation on Liberation From Respiratory Support in Critically Ill Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Padmanabhan Ramnarayan, MD; Alvin Richards-Belle, BSc; Laura Drikite, MSc; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):1555-1565. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.3367

This clinical trial evaluates the noninferiority of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as the first-line mode of noninvasive respiratory support following extubation on time to liberation from respiratory support.

Editorial
Selecting Intermediate Respiratory Support Following Extubation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Christopher M. Horvat, MD, MHA; Martha A. Q. Curley, RN, PhD; Timothy D. Girard, MD, MSCI

JAMA

Trends in Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking Among US Adults With Major Depression or Substance Use Disorders, 2006-2019

Beth Han, MD, PhD, MPH; Nora D. Volkow, MD; Carlos Blanco, MD, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):1566-1576. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4790

This exploratory study was conducted to examine trends in cigarette smoking among adults with and without a major depressive episode, substance use disorder, or both and by age, sex, and race and ethnicity.

Research Letter

Secondary Attack Rates for Omicron and Delta Variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Norwegian Households

Silje B. Jørgensen, MD, PhD; Karin Nygård, PhD; Oliver Kacelnik, MD, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):1610-1611. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.3780

This nationwide registry data study from Norway assesses the secondary attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta and Omicron in an effort to estimate the transmissibility of the Omicron variant.

Myocarditis Following a Third BNT162b2 Vaccination Dose in Military Recruits in Israel

Limor Friedensohn, MD; Dan Levin, MD; Maggie Fadlon-Derai, MHA; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):1611-1612. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4425

This study assessed whether a third vaccine dose was associated with the risk of myocarditis among military personnel in Israel.

US Preventive Services Task Force

Recommendation Statement

Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

US Preventive Services Task Force

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):1577-1584. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4983

This 2022 Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force concludes that the net benefit of low-dose aspirin use in adults aged 40 to 59 years who have a 10% or greater 10-year CVD risk is small; that persons not at increased risk for bleeding and willing to take low-dose aspirin daily are more likely to benefit (C recommendation); and recommends against initiating low-dose aspirin use for the primary prevention of CVD in adults 60 years or older (D recommendation).

Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Aspirin Use for Cardiovascular Disease

Editorial
Should Patients Take Aspirin for Primary Cardiovascular Prevention?Updated Recommendations From the US Preventive Services Task Force
Allan S. Brett, MD

JAMA
- Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Aspirin Use for Cardiovascular Disease
Aspirin for Primary Prevention鈥擳ime to Rethink Our Approach
Jeffrey S. Berger, MD, MS

JAMA Netw Open
Whom to Treat for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: The Aspirin Dilemma
Samia Mora, MD, MHS; Chrisandra L. Shufelt, MD, MS; JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH

JAMA Intern Med
- Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Aspirin Use for Cardiovascular Disease
USPSTF Report on Aspirin for Primary Prevention
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM

JAMA Cardiol

Evidence Report

Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Janelle M. Guirguis-Blake, MD; Corinne V. Evans, MPP; Leslie A. Perdue, MPH; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):1585-1597. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.3337

This systematic review to support the 2022 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of low-dose aspirin use for prevention of CVD and CRC among adults 40 years or older without known CVD and with average risk for CRC.

Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Aspirin Use for Cardiovascular Disease

Editorial
Should Patients Take Aspirin for Primary Cardiovascular Prevention?Updated Recommendations From the US Preventive Services Task Force
Allan S. Brett, MD

JAMA
- Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Aspirin Use for Cardiovascular Disease
Aspirin for Primary Prevention鈥擳ime to Rethink Our Approach
Jeffrey S. Berger, MD, MS

JAMA Netw Open
Whom to Treat for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: The Aspirin Dilemma
Samia Mora, MD, MHS; Chrisandra L. Shufelt, MD, MS; JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH

JAMA Intern Med
- Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Aspirin Use for Cardiovascular Disease
USPSTF Report on Aspirin for Primary Prevention
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM

JAMA Cardiol

Modeling Study

Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Updated Modeling Study for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Steven P. Dehmer, PhD; Lauren R. O鈥橩eefe, MS; Corinne V. Evans, MPP; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):1598-1607. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.3385

This US Preventive Services Task Force modeling study provides updated estimates of the net balance in benefits and harms of routine use of low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer for hypothetical US cohorts of men and women aged 40 to 79 years with up to 20% 10-year risk for an atherosclerotic CVD event and without prior history of CVD or elevated bleeding risks.

Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Aspirin Use for Cardiovascular Disease

Editorial
Should Patients Take Aspirin for Primary Cardiovascular Prevention?Updated Recommendations From the US Preventive Services Task Force
Allan S. Brett, MD

JAMA
- Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Aspirin Use for Cardiovascular Disease
Aspirin for Primary Prevention鈥擳ime to Rethink Our Approach
Jeffrey S. Berger, MD, MS

JAMA Netw Open
Whom to Treat for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: The Aspirin Dilemma
Samia Mora, MD, MHS; Chrisandra L. Shufelt, MD, MS; JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH

JAMA Intern Med
- Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Aspirin Use for Cardiovascular Disease
USPSTF Report on Aspirin for Primary Prevention
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM

JAMA Cardiol

Viewpoint

Attacks on Health Care in the War in Ukraine: International Law and the Need for Accountability

Lawrence O. Gostin, JD; Leonard S. Rubenstein, JD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):1541-1542. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.6045

This Viewpoint from Gostin and Rubenstein examine the violence against health care workers and institutions in the war in Ukraine and potential paths to hold those perpetuating such attacks accountable.

Podcast: Ukrainian Doctors Share Current Experiences

Editorial
Catastrophic Health Consequences of the War in Ukraine
Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA; Annette Flanagin, RN, MA; Robert M. Golub, MD

JAMA
- Podcast: Ukrainian Doctors Share Current Experiences

Diagnostic Excellence

Aligning Incentives for Improving Diagnostic Excellence

Bob Kocher, MD; Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1543-1544. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4594

This Viewpoint discusses approaches to improving diagnostic excellence, including realignment of economic incentives, development of metrics, and reporting performance.

Drug Pricing With Evidence Development

James C. Robinson, PhD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1545-1546. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.5403

This Viewpoint describes pricing with evidence development whereby the price of a drug evolves in accordance with the evidence of its clinical benefit.

A Piece of My Mind

Trust Falls

Adeline L. Goss, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1547-1548. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.5386

In this narrative medicine essay, a neurohospitalist recalls a patient from a palliative care elective during her residency who vividly expressed the joyful moments of her life, a counterbalance that helps her accept her death.

Editorial

Catastrophic Health Consequences of the War in Ukraine

Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA; Annette Flanagin, RN, MA; Robert M. Golub, MD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):1549-1550. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.6046

Podcast: Ukrainian Doctors Share Current Experiences

Selecting Intermediate Respiratory Support Following Extubation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Christopher M. Horvat, MD, MHA; Martha A. Q. Curley, RN, PhD; Timothy D. Girard, MD, MSCI

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1550-1552. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4637

Should Patients Take Aspirin for Primary Cardiovascular Prevention?Updated Recommendations From the US Preventive Services Task Force

Allan S. Brett, MD

Abstract Full Text

has audio

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1552-1554. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.2460

Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Aspirin Use for Cardiovascular Disease

Editorial
Aspirin for Primary Prevention鈥擳ime to Rethink Our Approach
Jeffrey S. Berger, MD, MS

JAMA Netw Open
Whom to Treat for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: The Aspirin Dilemma
Samia Mora, MD, MHS; Chrisandra L. Shufelt, MD, MS; JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH

JAMA Intern Med
- Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Aspirin Use for Cardiovascular Disease
USPSTF Report on Aspirin for Primary Prevention
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM

JAMA Cardiol

JAMA Clinical Challenge

A Woman With Painful Digital Ulcers

Theodora Karagounis, MD; H. Michael Belmont, MD; Avrom S. Caplan, MD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):1608-1609. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.3667

A woman had 6 months of digital erythema and painful finger ulcers that had increased in number and become more painful in the past several weeks, along with erythematous and scaly papules and scale and fissures on the lateral aspect of several digits. She had normal strength throughout all muscle groups and a normal creatine kinase level. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?

Medical News & Perspectives

Supervised Consumption Sites鈥擜 Tool for Reducing Risk of Overdose Deaths and Infectious Diseases in People Who Use Illicit Drugs

Rita Rubin, MA; Melissa Suran, PhD, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):1532-1534. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4017

This Medical News feature discusses supervised consumption sites for people who use illicit drugs.

Podcast: April 2022 Medical News Summary

Clinical Trials Disrupted During War in Ukraine

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):1535-1536. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.5571

This Medical News feature describes how the Russian invasion has disrupted clinical trials in Ukraine as well as Russia.

Podcast: April 2022 Medical News Summary

Editorial
Catastrophic Health Consequences of the War in Ukraine
Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA; Annette Flanagin, RN, MA; Robert M. Golub, MD

JAMA
- Podcast: Ukrainian Doctors Share Current Experiences

Treating Epilepsy With Antiseizure Medications

Howard Larkin

Abstract Full Text

has audio

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1537. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4599

This Medical News article summarizes a recent Clinical Reviews interview with Andres M. Kanner, MD, of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine in Miami, Florida about the management of epilepsy in adults using antiseizure drugs.

Podcast: Epilepsy Diagnosis and Treatment in Adults

News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Youth Varies by Age, Variant

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):1540. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.5842

End-stage Kidney Disease Doubles

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1540. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.5342

Clinical Trials Update

Empagliflozin Improves Quality of Life in HFpEF

Anita Slomski

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1539. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4950

Gefapixant Curbs Chronic Cough

Anita Slomski

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1539. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.6207

Long-Acting RSV Antibody Injection Protects Healthy Infants

Anita Slomski

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1539. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.6208

Exercise Improves Shoulder Function After Breast Cancer Surgery

Anita Slomski

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1539. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.6209

Health Agencies Update

New Recommendations for Collecting Sex and Gender Data

Melissa Suran, PhD, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1538. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.5238

White Individuals Experience Less COVID-19鈥揜elated Discrimination

Melissa Suran, PhD, MS

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):1538. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.6232

More Black Individuals Insured After Affordable Care Act

Melissa Suran, PhD, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1538. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.6233

Poetry and Medicine

Harbor Seal

Zeynep Berrak Uzumcu, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1619. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.1863

JAMA Revisited

American Medical Jurisprudence and the Expert Witness

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1620. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.16944

JAMA Patient Page

Use of Aspirin to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease

Jill Jin, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):1624. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.5564

This JAMA Patient Page summarizes the US Preventive Services Task Force鈥檚 recent recommendations on use of aspirin to prevent cardiovascular disease.

Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Aspirin Use for Cardiovascular Disease

Editorial
Should Patients Take Aspirin for Primary Cardiovascular Prevention?Updated Recommendations From the US Preventive Services Task Force
Allan S. Brett, MD

JAMA
- Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Aspirin Use for Cardiovascular Disease
Whom to Treat for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: The Aspirin Dilemma
Samia Mora, MD, MHS; Chrisandra L. Shufelt, MD, MS; JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH

JAMA Intern Med
- Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation: Aspirin Use for Cardiovascular Disease

Comment & Response

Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy vs Sham Treatment and Death or Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Abdul Razak, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1613. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.2923

Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy vs Sham Treatment and Death or Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Pengxiang Zhou, PharmM; Tongyan Han, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1613. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.2926

Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy vs Sham Treatment and Death or Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome鈥擱eply

Peter A. Dargaville, MD; John B. Carlin, PhD; Peter G. Davis, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1614. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.2929

A Potential Path to Universal Coverage With Medicare Advantage for All

Adam Gaffney, MD, MPH; David U. Himmelstein, MD; Steffie Woolhandler, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1615. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.3146

A Potential Path to Universal Coverage With Medicare Advantage for All

Kenneth R. Dardick, MD; Georgia L. Newman, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1615-1616. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.3153

A Potential Path to Universal Coverage With Medicare Advantage for All

Vincent Mor, PhD; David J. Meyers, PhD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1616. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.3150

A Potential Path to Universal Coverage With Medicare Advantage for All鈥擱eply

Greg J. Zahner, MD, MSc; Peter W. Croughan, MD; Daniel M. Blumenthal, MD, MBA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1616-1617. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.3156

Clarification of Conflict of Interest Disclosure

Sean C. Mackey, MD, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1617. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4787

Correction

Clarification of Conflict of Interest Disclosure

Abstract Full Text

free access

JAMA. 2022;327(16):1618. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.5007

Data Errors

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(16):1618. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.5770

November 2024 - July 1883

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April 26, 2022, Vol 327, No. 16, Pages 1527-1624

Caring for the Critically Ill Patient

Recommendation Statement

Evidence Report

Modeling Study

Diagnostic Excellence

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