April 12, 2022 Issue of JAMA

April 12, 2022, Vol 327, No. 14, Pages 1315-1410

This Week in JAMA

Audio Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(14):e2116923. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.16923

Podcast: Walking for Peripheral Artery Disease Symptoms, Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes With Gestational Diabetes, Transthyretin Gene Variant and Heart Failure in Black Individuals, and more

Original Investigation

Effect of a Home-Based, Walking Exercise Behavior Change Intervention vs Usual Care on Walking in Adults With Peripheral Artery Disease: The MOSAIC Randomized Clinical Trial

Lindsay M. Bearne, PhD; Brittannia Volkmer, PhD; Janet Peacock, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(14):1344-1355. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.3391

Among adults with peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication, this randomized clinical trial compares walking capacity at 3 months between patients who received a home-based, walking exercise behavior change intervention led by a physical therapist vs usual care.

Editorial
Home-Based Walking Exercise for Peripheral Artery Disease
Mary M. McDermott, MD

JAMA

Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among Pregnant Individuals With Gestational Diabetes by Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 2014-2020

Kartik K. Venkatesh, MD, PhD; Courtney D. Lynch, PhD, MPH; Camille E. Powe, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(14):1356-1367. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.3189

This study using US National Center for Health Statistics data for more than 1.5 million individuals with gestational diabetes aged 15 to 44 years with singleton nonanomalous live births assesses whether the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes among those in the US with gestational diabetes changed over time, and whether the risk of these outcomes differed by maternal race and ethnicity.

Association of Transthyretin Val122Ile Variant With Incident Heart Failure Among Black Individuals

Vibhu Parcha, MD; Gargya Malla, MD, MPH, PhD; Marguerite R. Irvin, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(14):1368-1378. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.2896

This retrospective population-based cohort study compares carriers of the amyloidogenic Val122Ile TTR variant vs noncarriers to assess the association of having the variant with risk of heart failure and mortality in self-identified Black individuals living in the US.

Editorial
Heart Failure, Precision Medicine, and Incremental Equity: The Case of Hereditary Amyloid Cardiomyopathy
Melvin R. Echols, MD; Herman Taylor, MD, MPH

JAMA

Research Letter

Trends in Drug Overdose Deaths Among US Adolescents, January 2010 to June 2021

Joseph Friedman, MPH; Morgan Godvin, BA; Chelsea L. Shover, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(14):1398-1400. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.2847

This study assesses trends in drug overdose deaths among US adolescents aged 14 to 18 years from January 2010 to June 2021, by substance type and race and ethnicity, using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database.

Viewpoint

The Growing Influence of State Governments on Population Health in the United States

Steven H. Woolf, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(14):1331-1332. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.3785

This Viewpoint discusses how differing political priorities and economic circumstances across the 50 US states has led to the country鈥檚 fragmented health policy, widening the gap across the states in health outcomes and life expectancy.

Preparing Clinicians for a Clinical World Influenced by Artificial Intelligence

Cornelius A. James, MD; Robert M. Wachter, MD; James O. Woolliscroft, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(14):1333-1334. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.3580

This Viewpoint summarizes the reasons why clinicians should have the knowledge and skills to assess and determine the appropriate application of artificial intelligence and machine learning outputs and how these new technologies will create new roles and responsibilities for clinicians.

Diagnostic Excellence

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Diagnostic Tests

Ashley Graham Kennedy, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(14):1335-1336. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4463

This Viewpoint discusses the 3 components鈥攁ccuracy, clinical utility, and patient benefit鈥攐f assessing whether diagnostic tests are effective.

A Piece of My Mind

Picture This

Christina N. Dimopoulos, MD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(14):1337-1338. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.3962

In this narrative medicine essay, an internal medicine resident who grew close to a patient with COVID-19 and to his teenaged daughters pinned her hopes on his recovery and followed his progress and setbacks even after she rotated to a new assignment.

Editorial

Home-Based Walking Exercise for Peripheral Artery Disease

Mary M. McDermott, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(14):1339-1340. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.2457

Heart Failure, Precision Medicine, and Incremental Equity: The Case of Hereditary Amyloid Cardiomyopathy

Melvin R. Echols, MD; Herman Taylor, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2022;327(14):1341-1343. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.2360

Review

Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Review

Nicole F. Ruopp, MD; Barbara A. Cockrill, MD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(14):1379-1391. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4402

This review summarizes current evidence regarding diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Podcast: A Review of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

JAMA Clinical Challenge

Joint Pain in a Woman Wearing a Face Mask

Jason E. Liebowitz, MD; Maximilian F. Konig, MD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(14):1392-1393. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.2644

A 63-year-old patient with arthritis and obstructive sleep apnea presented with worsening joint pain, with degenerative changes shown on x-ray. A nasal bridge deformity was revealed when she removed her face mask, along with slightly elevated creatinine and ESR; urinalysis revealed white and red blood cells and 2+ protein. What is the diagnosis and what do you do next?

Medical News & Perspectives

Physicians in Ukraine: Caring for Patients in the Middle of a War

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2022;327(14):1318-1320. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4680

This Medical News feature describes how war has challenged physicians in Ukraine.

Podcast: Ukrainian Doctors Share Current Experiences
Podcast: March 2022 Medical News Summary

Editorial
Catastrophic Health Consequences of the War in Ukraine
Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA; Annette Flanagin, RN, MA; Robert M. Golub, MD

JAMA
- Podcast: Ukrainian Doctors Share Current Experiences