December 12, 2017 Issue of JAMA

December 12, 2017, Vol 318, No. 22, Pages 2155-2265

This Week in JAMA

Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2017;318(22):2155-2157. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.13434

Podcast: Levothyroxine and miscarriage, AI detection of breast cancer mets and DM retinopathy, hormone therapy for chronic disease prevention, and more

Original Investigation

Effect of Levothyroxine on Miscarriage Among Women With Normal Thyroid Function and Thyroid Autoimmunity Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Haining Wang, MD; Hongwei Gao, MD; Hongbin Chi, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2017;318(22):2190-2198. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.18249

This randomized clinical trial compares the effects of levothyroxine vs placebo on pregnancy outcomes among women with normal thyroid function and positive antithyroperoxidase antibodies undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in Beijing, China.

Diagnostic Assessment of Deep Learning Algorithms for Detection of Lymph Node Metastases in Women With Breast Cancer

Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi, MS; Mitko Veta, PhD; Paul Johannes van Diest, MD, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2017;318(22):2199-2210. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.14585

This diagnostic accuracy study compares the ability of machine learning algorithms vs clinical pathologists to detect cancer metastases in whole-slide images of axillary lymph nodes dissected from women with breast cancer.

Editorial
Deep Learning Algorithms for Detection of Lymph Node Metastases From Breast Cancer: Helping Artificial Intelligence Be Seen
Jeffrey Alan Golden, MD

JAMA
- Podcast: Deep Learning Algorithms for Detection of Lymph Node Metastases From Breast Cancer

Development and Validation of a Deep Learning System for Diabetic Retinopathy and Related Eye Diseases Using Retinal Images From Multiethnic Populations With Diabetes

Daniel Shu Wei Ting, MD, PhD; Carol Yim-Lui Cheung, PhD; Gilbert Lim, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2017;318(22):2211-2223. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.18152

This diagnostic accuracy study compares the performance of deep learning systems vs eye professionals for detecting referable and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and other eye diseases in retinal images from Chinese, Indian, and Malaysian patients.

Research Letter

Availability of Pharmacist-Prescribed Contraception in California, 2017

Anu Manchikanti Gomez, PhD, MSc

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2017;318(22):2253-2254. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.15674

This survey study estimates the extent to which pharmacies in California are making pharmacist-prescribed contraception available since it was permitted, but not required, in April 2016.

US Preventive Services Task Force

Recommendation Statement

Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

US Preventive Services Task Force

Abstract Full Text

free access has audio

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2224-2233. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.18261

This Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends against use of hormone therapy for primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women (D recommendation).

Podcast: USPSTF Recommendation Statement: Hormone Therapy After Menopause

Editorial
Menopausal Hormone Therapy for Primary Prevention of Chronic Disease
Cora E. Lewis, MD, MSPH; Melissa F. Wellons, MD, MHS

JAMA
Menopausal Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions: Unfulfilled Expectations
Nanette K. Wenger, MD

JAMA Cardiol
Evidence for Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy to Prevent Chronic Conditions: Success, Failure, and Lessons Learned
Deborah Grady, MD, MPH

JAMA Intern Med

Evidence Report

Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Gerald Gartlehner, MD, MPH; Sheila V. Patel, BSPH; Cynthia Feltner, MD, MPH; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2017;318(22):2234-2249. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.16952

This systematic review to support the 2017 update of the US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on use of hormone therapy summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of hormone therapy for primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women.

Editorial
Menopausal Hormone Therapy for Primary Prevention of Chronic Disease
Cora E. Lewis, MD, MSPH; Melissa F. Wellons, MD, MHS

JAMA
Menopausal Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions: Unfulfilled Expectations
Nanette K. Wenger, MD

JAMA Cardiol
Evidence for Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy to Prevent Chronic Conditions: Success, Failure, and Lessons Learned
Deborah Grady, MD, MPH

JAMA Intern Med

Viewpoint

Advance Directives for Dementia: Meeting a Unique Challenge

Barak Gaster, MD; Eric B. Larson, MD, MPH.; J. Randall Curtis, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2175-2176. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.16473

This Viewpoint discusses the unique challenges of crafting meaningful advance directives for patients with dementia and proposes a framework that accounts for changes in goals of care that might occur along the continuum of cognitive decline.

Organ Donor Research: Overcoming Challenges, Increasing Opportunities

James F. Childress, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2177-2178. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.16442

This Viewpoint discusses a 2017 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report about ways to support research on pretransplantation organs to reduce organ waste, upgrade the quality and quantity of transplants, and improve patient outcomes.

Contraceptive Coverage and the Balance Between Conscience and Access

Ronit Y. Stahl, PhD; Holly Fernandez Lynch, JD, MBE

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2179-2180. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.17086

This Viewpoint discusses the Trump administration鈥檚 2017 change to ACA provisions, which exempts employers with religious or moral objections to contraception from including coverage for contraceptives in their insurance plans.

High Costs of FDA Approval for Formerly Unapproved Marketed Drugs

Aaron Hakim, MS; Ravi Gupta, MD; Joseph S. Ross, MD, MHS

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2181-2182. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.16481

This Viewpoint describes how the US Food and Drug Administration鈥檚 2006 Unapproved Drugs Initiative may have unintentionally made generic drugs more expensive and inaccessible and proposes policy reforms to address the harms of those price increases.

A Piece of My Mind

A Fair Interpretation

Anna DeForest, MD, MFA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2183. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.17563

In this essay, the author urges precision language when referring to foreign language interpreters as a recognition that words outside of medicine mean something too.

Editorial

Deep Learning Algorithms for Detection of Lymph Node Metastases From Breast Cancer: Helping Artificial Intelligence Be Seen

Jeffrey Alan Golden, MD

Abstract Full Text

has multimedia has audio

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2184-2186. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.14580

Podcast: Deep Learning Algorithms for Detection of Lymph Node Metastases From Breast Cancer

Menopausal Hormone Therapy for Primary Prevention of Chronic Disease

Cora E. Lewis, MD, MSPH; Melissa F. Wellons, MD, MHS

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2187-2189. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.16974

JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods

Using Free-Response Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves to Assess the Accuracy of Machine Diagnosis of Cancer

Chaya S. Moskowitz, PhD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2017;318(22):2250-2251. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.18686

This JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods discusses the use of free-response receiver operating characteristic curves to test the accuracy of computer algorithms to detect the localization of disease on pathology slide images.

Podcast: JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods

Medical News & Perspectives

The Promise and Challenges of CAR-T Gene Therapy

Bridget M. Kuehn, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2167-2169. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.15605

This Medical News article discusses the promise and challenges of CAR-T therapies.

Can Exercise Prevent Knee Osteoarthritis?

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2169-2171. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.16144

This Medical News article discusses whether sedentary lifestyles contribute to this increasingly prevalent degenerative joint disease.

The JAMA Forum

Five Ethical Values to Guide Health System Reform

Lawrence O. Gostin, JD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2017;318(22):2171-2172. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.18804

News From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Illicit Fentanyl Driving Opioid Overdose Deaths

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2174. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.18602

More Than 1 in 5 Working Adults Use Some Form of Tobacco

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2174. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.18931

Biotech Innovations

Point-of-Use Food Allergen Detector on the Horizon

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2173. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.18651

DNA Base Editing Could Reverse Most Disease-Causing Point Mutations

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2173. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.19063

First Phase 1 Trial of a Prophylactic mRNA Vaccine Reported

Jennifer Abbasi

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2173. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.19065

The Arts and Medicine

From Sgt. Pepper to Dreamachines: My Scientific Odyssey With William S. Burroughs

Andrew J. Lees, MD, FRCP, FMedSci, FRCPE

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2017;318(22):2164-2166. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.17914

This Arts and Medicine essay explores the relevance of writer and artist William S. Burroughs to clinical medicine, and his importance to the author鈥檚 career as a Parkinson disease researcher.

Video: Mentored By a Madman: The William Burroughs Experiment

Poetry and Medicine

Old Veins

Carol Snyder Halberstadt

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2260. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.4226

JAMA Revisited

The Banana Again

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2017;318(22):2261. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.10498

JAMA Patient Page

Hormone Therapy for Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women

Jill Jin, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2017;318(22):2265. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.18440

This JAMA Patient Page describes the US Preventive Services Task Force鈥檚 recommendations on use of hormone therapy for primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women.

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