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SOLEDAD: DESPITE THE PUSH TO RETURN TO "NORMAL," THE PANDEMIC IS NOT OR.VE SHANGHAI, CHINA IS UNDER LOCKDOWN AGAIN TO STOP THE SPREAD OF THE NEW CODVI SUBVARIANT. IN THE U.S., THE OFFICIAL COVID-19 DEATH TOLL IS NEARING 1 MILLION LIVES LOST. NOW, SEVERAL STUDIES SHOW 30TO% 40% OF THE PEOPLE WHO HAVE DIED ALSO HAD DIABETES. THERE IS SOME PROGRESS. VACCINES ARE EASING THE OVERLOAD IN HOSPITALS. AN ESTIMATED 218 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE U.S. ARE FUYLL VACCINATED. AND A FOURTH SHOT HAS BEEN APPROVED FOR PEOPLE OV 5ER RESEARCHERS SAY A NASAL SPRAY OR PILL VERSION OF THE VACCINE MAY BE A REALITY SN.OO JOINING ME NOW IS DR. PERTE CHIN-HONG, AN INFECTIOUS DEAISSE SPECIALIST AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO MEDICAL SCHOOL DR. PETER CHIN-HONG, NICE TO TA TLKO YOU. WE KNOW THERE IS A NEW VARIA.NT WHAT CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT IT? DR. CHIN-HONG: I TNKHI THAT’S WELL ESTABLISHED NOW THAT BA,.2 WHH ICIS KIND OF LIKE ANVI E TWIN SISTER TO B.1, THE REGULAR OMICRON, IS AT LEAST 30%, AS MUCH AS 50% TO 80%OR ME TRANSMISSIBLE THAN ITS RELATIVE. BUT IT’S NOT GOING TO CAUSE MORE SERIOUS DISEASE, AND THE VACCINES WORK IN THE SAME WAY THAT IT’S WORKED FOR OMICRON, WHICH IS THAT, ALTHOUGH TNO GREAT AT PREVENTING BREAKTHROUGH INFECTION, IT IS SPECTACULAR STILL AT PREVENTING RISEOUS DISEASE, HOSPITALIZATION, DAN DEATH. SOLEDAD: HOW WOULD YOU SAY WE ARE IMPACTING THE SPREAD OF ISTH NEW VARIANT? DR. CHIN-HONG: OUR MINDSET HAS REALLY CHANGED SO DRAMATICALLY COMPARED TO THE LAST TWO YRSEA THAT WE’VE BEEN LIVING THRGH THE PANDEMIC. I THINK THERE ARE SEVERAL FACTORS GOING ON NOW THAT ARE PROBABLY GOING TO RESULT IAN INCREASE IN CASES, MAY NOT BAE SURGE OR A VERTICAL WALL THAT WE THINK ABOUT WITH A REGULAR SURGE. AND WE PROBABLY WON’T SEE A LOT OF PEOPLE FLOODING IO HOSPITALS LIKE A YEAR AGO, FOR EXAMPLE. SO WE HAVE SPRING BRK.EA A LOT OF PEOPLE MOVING AROUND , STILL HAPPENING RIGHT NOW. WE HAVE A REDUCTION OF RESTRICTIONS, LARGE EVENTS ARE HAPPENING WITH WILD ABANDON, AND THE THIRD THING, THERE’S LOA T OF CIRCULATING VIRUS, AND PEOPLE WHO ARE COMING TO THIS COUNTRY, EVEN THOUGH THERE’S A GAVENE TEST YOU NEED BEFORE YOU GET INTO THIS COUNTRY, THERE’S STILL A WINDOW PERIOD WHERE THAT NEGATIVE TEST MAY HAVE A FALSE NEGATIVE. SOLEDAD:E WKNOW THAT THERE’S A FOURTH SHOT AVAILABLE. HOW SOON SHOULD WE GET THAT FOURTH ST?HO DR. CHIN-HONG: I WOULD DO THAT THE OLDER YOU E. SO MY MOM IS IN HER 80’S, AND I DEFINITELY WANT HER TO GET IT SOONER RATHER THAN LATER. SOLEDAD: PEOPLE HAVEAL TD ABOUT NEW SOLUTIONS,EW N TREATMEN.TS HOW FAR AWAY ARE THOSE THINGS? IS YOUR UNDERSTANDING THAT THEY’RE GOING TO REALLY BE AS EFFECTE?IV DR. CHIN-HONG: I THINK WE’RE IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF READINESS FOR EACH OF THESE APPROAESCH I THINK, AT THE END OF THE DAY, YOU’RE GOING TO GET A RAGYST THAT’S MULTIFACETED, HAS LOA OF LENSES. IF SOMEBODY DOESN’T WANT TO GET VACCINATED EVER, THEY MAY BE MORE AMENABLE TO TAKINA G LL OR COURSES OF PILLS. I THINK IN CANADA, THEY’VE LOOK AEDT THEY’RE LOOKING AT A PHASE ONE STUDY NOW IN THE NALAS INHALER, KIND OF LIKE, YOU KNOW WHAT PEOPLE USE FOR ASTHMA WITH AN INHALER. AND SO FAR IN ANIMALS, IT LOOKS REALLY PROMISING. AND WHAT THAT DOES IS A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT APPROACH, WHICH IS TO TRY AND PROTECT THE FRONT GUARDS, THE NASAL D ANLARGE AIRWAYS MUCOSAL IMMUNITY THAT IMMUNE CELLS SPECIFICALLY AT THE FRT.ON SOLEDAD: THE "NEW YORK TIMES" PUBLISHED NEW RESEARCH ABOUT COVID-19 AND DIABETES, AND THEY HA FVEOUND THAT 30% TO 40% OF DEATHS, IT LOOKS LIKE, WERE AMONG PEOPLE WHO HAD DIABETES. CAN YOU EXPLAIN WHAT THAT LINK MIGHBE? DR. CHIN-HONG: YOU G AIGET FIRESTORM OF IMMUNE CELLS, AND THAT CAUSES INFLAMMATION, AND THAT CAN GO IN LOTS OF PLACES AL L OVER THE BODY, INCLUDING THE CELLS THAT MAKE INSULIN. SO I THINK THAT’S ONE OF THE THOUGHTS BEHIND WHY SO MYAN PEOPLE WITH COVID CAVEHA DIABETES DIAGNOSED SEVAL MONTHS LATER. THAT ILANFMMATION CAN SHUT DOWN THE CELLS OR THE FACTORIES THAT MAKE INSULIN, TH HATEL