Children's coronavirus cases are not as severe, but that doesn't make them less serious

SHE SAYS, LET YOUR KIDS TAKE THE LEAD. EVERYTHING SEEMS LIKE IT HAS BEEN DISRUPTED, ROUTINE IS SO IMPORTANT, ESPECIALLY FOR YOUNGER KIDS. AND HOW DO WE EXPLAIN TO THEM, THE ROUTINE IS DIFFERENT, THERE'S NO SCHOOL. THERE ARE NO AFTER SCHOOL ACTIVITIES, HOW DO YOU MAINTAIN A SENSE OF NORMALCY, HOW DO YOU EXPLAIN TO THEM, WHEN THEY SAY WHY AREN'T I GOING TO SCHOOL? ANNE: WELL YOU HAVE TO BE HONEST ABOUT THAT, THAT THERE IS A NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO ARE SICK RIGHT NOW, WE'RE TRYING TO STAY HEALTHY AND THAT'S WHY WE ARE STAYING HOME, AND NOT GOING ANY FURTHER THAN THAT UNLESS A CHILD ASKS YOU. WELL WHAT IS THIS VIRUS, AND I'M NOT A MEDIC BUT SAYING SOMETHING LIKE, THIS IS COMPLEX AND WE DON'T KNOW ALL THE ANSWERS RIGHT NOW...AND THE IMPORTANT THING IS THAT WE PRACTICE WASHING OUR HANDS AND STAYING SAFE 3:00 AND THATA'S WHY WE ARE AT HOME RIGHT NOW. NOW IF YOU HAVE A BACK GARDEN ITS AN OPPORTUNITY OT BE PLAYFUL, AND BE PRESENT WITH YOUR CHILDEN WHICH IS AN OPPORUNITY BUT ALSO WE HAVE A JOB AND OUR EMPLOYER IS EXPECTING YOU TO WORK FROM HOME SO TRY TO SET UP SPACES WHETHER ITS A DEDICATED ROOM TO BE A CALM AND BE APPROVED THE CHILDREN NEED THE SAME THING IF IT MEANS HAVING SOFT MUSIC AND I THINK THAT WILL HELP KEEP THE STRESS LEVEL IN THE HOUSE DOWN AND WHILE THE STRESS, AND OVERWHELMING RESPONSIBILITY OF WORKING FROM HOME, SCHOOLING FROM HOME AND PARENTING CAN B

Germs spread easily among children. So as the coronavirus spreads, parents, teachers, caregivers and others have increasing concerns about how the disease affects them -- but there is some good news.Children do not seem to be catching the virus in the same numbers as adults, and if they do, they are not developing severe symptoms, according to data from Chinese health officials.Here's what we know right now about the impact of the coronavirus on children.Are children getting sick?Yes, children are catching the coronavirus, but they're generally developing mild cases of the illness.Out of nearly 45,000 confirmed cases in China through Feb. 11, there was only one death in someone younger than 20, according to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and no deaths among children younger than 10.Dr. Arthur Reingold, an epidemiologist at the University of California at Berkeley, said the numbers show children carry the coronavirus but are not developing severe symptoms."The evidence so far would suggest that children, at least in China, many children have gotten infected and have ... either had a very mild illness or not had any illness at all," Reingold told CNN, adding that's a pattern seen in many other respiratory viruses that are easily transmitted among children and by children.There have been cases in the United States, similar to other countries, where children are getting sick. A high school student in Washington, a teenager in Georgia, an elementary school-age child in California and a three-year-old in Texas have all tested positive for the disease.However, Reingold said, children are generally not developing as severe an illness from the coronavirus as older people. Can children pass on the virus and what measures need to be taken?Just because children are not as likely to develop major symptoms, or even any at all, does not mean they won't contract the coronavirus. Reingold said it's likely that the number of cases in children is underreported, in part because their symptoms are so minimal or mild, but he warned they can still infect others."We have to assume that they can spread it. They're incredibly efficient at spreading other respiratory viruses like influenza. Of course, this is a different virus and it could be different," Reingold told CNN. "But we assume that children are extremely efficient at spreading respiratory viruses, including the new COVID-19."The biggest concern is that in small or large groups, children could still pass along the virus to those who are more susceptible -- including the elderly in the community or older family members.So parents and children should take commonsense precautions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention including regular hand cleaning with soap and water or alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Children and family members should engage in preventative measures to guard against spreading the respiratory infection, including covering coughs and staying up to date on vaccinations, according to the CDC. But why aren't children getting sick?It's not entirely known why children aren't developing such severe cases."If they are getting infected and not getting sick, then it seems to me the most likely theory is that they do have some level of immunity, and most likely it's from being exposed to other coronaviruses," Reingold said.Because smaller numbers of children have been infected with the coronavirus or only developed mild symptoms, it's been more difficult to study the disease in the very young, according to a World Health Organization-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease report in February. Without blood test results, "it is not possible to determine the extent of infection among children, what role children play in transmission, whether children are less susceptible or if they present differently clinically," according to the report."We saw low attack rates in children and that is something that is important and warrants some further study," said Dr. Maria Van Kerkhove, the technical lead of the WHO's Health Emergencies Program.Infected children were generally identified through contact tracing in households of adults who were sick, according to the report.Studying children with mild cases could be important to understanding why others are getting so sick, including the differences in children's immune systems and underlying conditions in adults.It could be that children don't tend to have heart disease or lung disease or other conditions that make them vulnerable to getting very sick from coronavirus. Their immune systems could play a role, Reingold said."I think the other question, and this would be a theory, is that the immune response that you see is different, that children are still maturing in terms of their immune response and that somehow, beyond the issues of frailty and underlying diseases, they simply mount a different type of immune response," he said.

Germs spread easily among children. So as the coronavirus spreads, parents, teachers, caregivers and others have increasing concerns about how the disease affects them -- but there is some good news.

Children do not seem to be catching the virus in the same numbers as adults, and if they do, they are not developing severe symptoms, according to data from Chinese health officials.

Here's what we know right now about the impact of the coronavirus on children.

Are children getting sick?

Yes, children are catching the coronavirus, but they're generally developing mild cases of the illness.

Out of nearly 45,000 confirmed cases in China through Feb. 11, there was only one death in someone younger than 20, according to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and no deaths among children younger than 10.

Dr. Arthur Reingold, an epidemiologist at the University of California at Berkeley, said the numbers show children carry the coronavirus but are not developing severe symptoms.

"The evidence so far would suggest that children, at least in China, many children have gotten infected and have ... either had a very mild illness or not had any illness at all," Reingold told CNN, adding that's a pattern seen in many other respiratory viruses that are easily transmitted among children and by children.

There have been cases in the United States, similar to other countries, where children are getting sick. A high school student in Washington, a teenager in Georgia, an elementary school-age child in California and a three-year-old in Texas have all tested positive for the disease.

However, Reingold said, children are generally not developing as severe an illness from the coronavirus as older people.

Can children pass on the virus and what measures need to be taken?

Just because children are not as likely to develop major symptoms, or even any at all, does not mean they won't contract the coronavirus. Reingold said it's likely that the number of cases in children is underreported, in part because their symptoms are so minimal or mild, but he warned they can still infect others.

"We have to assume that they can spread it. They're incredibly efficient at spreading other respiratory viruses like influenza. Of course, this is a different virus and it could be different," Reingold told CNN. "But we assume that children are extremely efficient at spreading respiratory viruses, including the new COVID-19."

The biggest concern is that in small or large groups, children could still pass along the virus to those who are more susceptible -- including the elderly in the community or older family members.

So parents and children should take commonsense precautions including regular hand cleaning with soap and water or alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Children and family members should engage in preventative measures to guard against spreading the respiratory infection, including covering coughs and staying up to date on vaccinations, according to the CDC.

But why aren't children getting sick?

It's not entirely known why children aren't developing such severe cases.

"If they are getting infected and not getting sick, then it seems to me the most likely theory is that they do have some level of immunity, and most likely it's from being exposed to other coronaviruses," Reingold said.

Because smaller numbers of children have been infected with the coronavirus or only developed mild symptoms, it's been more difficult to study the disease in the very young, . Without blood test results, "it is not possible to determine the extent of infection among children, what role children play in transmission, whether children are less susceptible or if they present differently clinically," according to the report.

"We saw low attack rates in children and that is something that is important and warrants some further study," said Dr. Maria Van Kerkhove, the technical lead of the WHO's Health Emergencies Program.

Infected children were generally identified through contact tracing in households of adults who were sick, according to the report.

Studying children with mild cases could be important to understanding why others are getting so sick, including the differences in children's immune systems and underlying conditions in adults.

It could be that children don't tend to have heart disease or lung disease or other conditions that make them vulnerable to getting very sick from coronavirus. Their immune systems could play a role, Reingold said.

"I think the other question, and this would be a theory, is that the immune response that you see is different, that children are still maturing in terms of their immune response and that somehow, beyond the issues of frailty and underlying diseases, they simply mount a different type of immune response," he said.

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